X-ray imaging beyond the limits

Chapman, Henry N.

doi:10.1038/nmat2402

Cited by 120 publications

(106 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…We recorded the far-field diffraction pattern of the object on a novel detector centred on the forward direction (see the Methods section). The image information encoded in the coherent diffraction pattern is similar to a hologram 19 , except that the object acts as its own scattering reference. Image reconstruction was carried out by phase retrieval using our iterative transform algorithm, Shrinkwrap 8 (see the Methods section).…”

Section: Multilayer Mirrormentioning

confidence: 99%

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Time-resolved imaging using x-ray free electron lasers

Barty

2010

J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys.

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The ultra-intense, ultra-short X-ray pulses provided by X-ray Free Electron Laser (XFEL) sources are ideally suited to time resolved studies of structural dynamics with spatial resolution from nanometre to atomic length scales and temporal resolution of 10 fs or less. Using coherent X-ray diffraction as a diagnostic, XFELs enable the capturing of X-ray snapshots of previously unmeasurable transient phenomena, and the study of ultrafast processes such as sample damage on the timescales which they occur. With enough photons in a single pulse to enable single-shot measurements, and short enough pulses to freeze atomic motion, researchers now have a new window into the time evolution ultrafast phenomena that are intrinsically not cyclic in nature. In this review paper we recap some of the key time-resolved imaging experiments performed at FLASH and look ahead to a new generation of experiments at higher resolution using a new generation of new XFEL sources that are only just becoming available.

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Section: Multilayer Mirrormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Variations on the principle of flash X-ray imaging demonstrated in this experiment have subsequently been used in a wide range of coherent experiments at FLASH and elsewhere [7,9,12,18,19,33,50]. [9] to study the morphology of aerosols in free flight, Figure 5.…”

Section: Multilayer Mirrormentioning

confidence: 99%

Time-resolved imaging using x-ray free electron lasers

Barty

2010

J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys.

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“…In particular, by combining coherent, short-wavelength beams from either high harmonic generation (HHG) [10] or X-ray free electron lasers (XFELs) [11] with coherent diffractive imaging (CDI) [12][13][14][15], it is now possible to reach near-wavelength resolution imaging in the EUV and X-ray regions for the first time [16,17]. Accordingly, CDI has found a range of applications in transmission and reflection geometries [18][19][20] to investigate nanoscale strain [21,22], semiconductor structures [18], and for biological imaging [23][24][25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Chemically Specific Coherent Diffractive Imaging of Reactions at Buried Interfaces with Few Nanometer Precision

et al. 2016

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Characterizing buried layers and interfaces is critical for a host of applications in nanoscience and nano-manufacturing. Here we demonstrate non-invasive, non-destructive imaging of buried interfaces using a tabletop, extreme ultraviolet (EUV), coherent diffractive imaging (CDI) nanoscope. Copper nanostructures inlaid in SiO2 are coated with 100 nm of aluminum, which is opaque to visible light and thick enough that neither optical microscopy nor atomic force microscopy can image the buried interfaces. Short wavelength (29 nm) high harmonic light can penetrate the aluminum layer, yielding high-contrast images of the buried structures. Moreover, differences in the absolute reflectivity of the interfaces before and after coating reveal the formation of interstitial diffusion and oxidation layers at the Al-Cu and Al-SiO2 boundaries. Finally, we show that EUV CDI provides a unique capability for quantitative, chemically-specific imaging of buried structures, and the material evolution that occurs at these buried interfaces, compared with all other approaches.

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“…D irect visualization of isolated molecules undergoing structural transformations can provide insight into the fundamental understanding of chemical processes 1,2 . Conventional methods based on diffraction and absorption [1][2][3][4] , using electrons or synchrotron-generated X-rays pulses, routinely achieve sub-angstrom resolutions, but their picosecond duration precludes characteristic, femtosecond-scale dynamical molecular imaging [4][5][6][7][8] .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Conventional methods based on diffraction and absorption [1][2][3][4] , using electrons or synchrotron-generated X-rays pulses, routinely achieve sub-angstrom resolutions, but their picosecond duration precludes characteristic, femtosecond-scale dynamical molecular imaging [4][5][6][7][8] . The recent development of femtosecond sources 9,10 of X-rays, for example, free-electron lasers, and electron beams has enhanced the temporal resolving power of these standard probes for ultrafast molecular dynamics [11][12][13] .…”

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confidence: 99%

Diffraction using laser-driven broadband electron wave packets

Blaga

Zhang

et al. 2014

Nat Commun

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Directly monitoring atomic motion during a molecular transformation with atomic-scale spatio-temporal resolution is a frontier of ultrafast optical science and physical chemistry. Here we provide the foundation for a new imaging method, fixed-angle broadband laser-induced electron scattering, based on structural retrieval by direct one-dimensional Fourier transform of a photoelectron energy distribution observed along the polarization direction of an intense ultrafast light pulse. The approach exploits the scattering of a broadband wave packet created by strong-field tunnel ionization to self-interrogate the molecular structure with picometre spatial resolution and bond specificity. With its inherent femtosecond resolution, combining our technique with molecular alignment can, in principle, provide the basis for time-resolved tomography for multi-dimensional transient structural determination.

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X-ray imaging beyond the limits

Cited by 120 publications

References 27 publications

Time-resolved imaging using x-ray free electron lasers

Time-resolved imaging using x-ray free electron lasers

Quantitative Chemically Specific Coherent Diffractive Imaging of Reactions at Buried Interfaces with Few Nanometer Precision

Diffraction using laser-driven broadband electron wave packets

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