2012
DOI: 10.1107/s090904951203943x
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X-ray-induced photo-chemistry and X-ray absorption spectroscopy of biological samples

Abstract: As synchrotron light sources and optics deliver greater photon flux on samples, X-ray-induced photo-chemistry is increasingly encountered in X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) experiments. The resulting problems are particularly pronounced for biological XAS experiments. This is because biological samples are very often quite dilute and therefore require signal averaging to achieve adequate signal-to-noise ratios, with correspondingly greater exposures to the X-ray beam. This paper reviews the origins of phot… Show more

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Cited by 145 publications
(198 citation statements)
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“…Perhaps more significantly, the crystals were grown under a standard atmosphere making it likely that partial autooxidation of ␣Hb would occur. In addition, the intense x-ray beams used for protein crystallography can promote reduction of ferric proteins (59). A mixture of heme states arising from these processes would introduce static disorder in the crystal, complicating analysis of the x-ray data.…”
Section: Co-and O 2 -Hb Have Native-like Conformations In Complex Witmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Perhaps more significantly, the crystals were grown under a standard atmosphere making it likely that partial autooxidation of ␣Hb would occur. In addition, the intense x-ray beams used for protein crystallography can promote reduction of ferric proteins (59). A mixture of heme states arising from these processes would introduce static disorder in the crystal, complicating analysis of the x-ray data.…”
Section: Co-and O 2 -Hb Have Native-like Conformations In Complex Witmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Spectra were recorded at 10 K to minimize photo-damage and increase the importance of multiple-scattering contributions to the EXAFS (58,59). Samples were prepared in buffer containing 0.88 M sucrose, which allowed the formation of a homogeneous glass upon freezing (59). This procedure permitted measurements on the unstable O 2 -␣Hb⅐AHSP complex to be performed over extended time periods without conversion to the bis-histidyl ferric ␣Hb form.…”
Section: Comparison Of the Iron-ligand Structures In O 2 -␣Hb And O 2mentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…However, the success of synchrotron sources comes with the disadvantage of X-ray beam-related damage to the biomolecule, resulting in changes in the diffraction pattern, and among other things the breaking of selected macromolecule bonds, caused by X-ray-generated radicals. This effect is even greater in metalloproteins that undergo beam-related photoreduction of the metal site, leading to geometry and oxidation state changes (34,35). Hence, these measurements may not represent the true system in solution.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…However, especially for application on biological tissues, radiation damage of the material (in form of photo-reduction) is well known from X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy. [7,8] Changes of elemental distribution patterns are less often reported. [9] To prevent these alterations, shock freezing and cryo-stream conditions during analysis have been used.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%