X-ray-Induced Shortwave Infrared Biomedical Imaging Using Rare-Earth Nanoprobes

Abstract

Shortwave infrared (SWIR or NIR-II) light provides significant advantages for imaging biological structures due to reduced autofluorescence and photon scattering. Here, we report on the development of rare-earth nanoprobes that exhibit SWIR luminescence following X-ray irradiation. We demonstrate the ability of X-ray-induced SWIR luminescence (X-IR) to monitor biodistribution and map lymphatic drainage. Our results indicate X-IR imaging is a promising new modality for preclinical applications and has potential for dual-modality molecular disease imaging.

Reactive oxygen species generating systems meeting challenges of photodynamic cancer therapy

“…Recently, several types of nanoparticles have been developed for this purpose, such as metal-organic frameworks, 124 gold nanoclusters, 125 radioluminescent nanophosphors, 126, 127 QDs, 128 and lanthanide-based NPs. 129, 130 The emission of UV/visible light can be subsequently harvested by nearby PSs to generate ROS ( Fig. 6B ).…”

Simultaneous Enhancement of Photoluminescence, MRI Relaxivity, and CT Contrast by Tuning the Interfacial Layer of Lanthanide Heteroepitaxial Nanoparticles

“…26–28 Along with large anti-Stokes shift, low background interference, and excellent photostability, Ln-doped NPs are superior CAs for PL imaging. 29–31 Ln 3+ such as Gd 3+ , Dy 3+ , and Ho 3+ are potent agents to relax the water protons for MRI because they have either large number of unpaired electrons in the 4f orbitals and/or a large magnetic moment. 24,32 With atomic numbers ranging from 57 to 71, Ln-doped NPs attenuate X-ray more strongly than most commercially available X-ray CT CAs (iodine-based, atomic number 53).…”

Intrinsically Zirconium-89 Labeled Gd2 O2 S:Eu Nanoprobes for In Vivo Positron Emission Tomography and Gamma-Ray-Induced Radioluminescence Imaging

“…Radioluminescence imaging is an emerging innovative optical imaging modality that utilizes ionizing radiation of high energy rays (such as X‐rays, gamma rays or beta particles) to excite nanophorphors to visualize biological features with an improved signal‐to‐noise ratio and a deeper tissue penetration depth (when compared with conventional optical imaging approaches) . Radioluminescence nanophosphors have recently shown great promise for biomedical imaging due to their unique optical properties, including exceptional photochemical stability, tunable emission spectrum with large Stokes shifts, negligible photobleaching, and bright radioluminescence . Positron emission tomography (PET) is an attractive quantitative imaging modality which possesses remarkable detection sensitivity but with a limited spatial resolution (≈mm).…”