X-ray mammography and breast compression

Watmough, D.J.; Quan, K.M.

doi:10.1016/0140-6736(92)90451-8

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study investigating this issue. In this pilot study, we found no evidence of tumor cell shedding to the peripheral blood, as opposed to a substantial number of animal studies [9–12], surgery shedding studies [4–8], and opinions expressed in letters of concern [1–3] regarding tumor cell shedding following manipulation of the primary tumor. The presence of ≥1 CTC in 17 % of our subjects is close to the span of other studies (using different volumes of blood) of primary breast cancer patients (19–31 %) [15, 18, 20, 22, 31].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 63%

“…For these reasons, the breast is compressed as much as reasonably possible to a level just below the patient’s pain threshold or up to the maximum setting of the machine (generally 200 N). It has long been discussed whether this applied pressure may damage a tumor, resulting in shedding of malignant cells into the circulatory system and whether this in turn will affect the prognosis [1–3]. Several publications have stressed the need for caution in cancer surgery, emphasizing the importance of minimizing tumor manipulation to avoid dissemination of malignant cells [4–8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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No evidence for shedding of circulating tumor cells to the peripheral venous blood as a result of mammographic breast compression

Förnvik

Andersson

Dustler

et al. 2013

Breast Cancer Res Treat

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This pilot study aimed to investigate whether mammographic compression procedures might cause shedding of tumor cells into the circulatory system as reflected by circulating tumor cell (CTC) count in peripheral venous blood samples. From March to October 2012, 24 subjects with strong suspicion of breast malignancy were included in the study. Peripheral blood samples were acquired before and after mammography. Enumeration of CTCs in the blood samples was performed using the CellSearch® system. The pressure distribution over the tumor-containing breast was measured using thin pressure sensors. The median age was 66.5 years (range, 51–87 years). In 22 of the 24 subjects, breast cancer was subsequently confirmed. The difference between the average mean tumor pressure 6.8 ± 5.3 kPa (range, 1.0–22.5 kPa) and the average mean breast pressure 3.4 ± 1.6 kPa (range, 1.5–7.1 kPa) was statistically significant (p < 0.001), confirming that there was increased pressure over the tumor. The median pathological tumor size was 19 mm (range, 9–30 mm). Four subjects (17 %) were CTC positive before compression and two of these (8 %) were also CTC positive after compression. A total of seven CTCs were isolated with a mean size of 8 × 6 μm2 (range of the longest diameter, 5–12 μm). The study supports the view that mammography is a safe procedure from the point of view of tumor cell shedding to the peripheral blood.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 63%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

No evidence for shedding of circulating tumor cells to the peripheral venous blood as a result of mammographic breast compression

Förnvik

Andersson

Dustler

et al. 2013

Breast Cancer Res Treat

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“…The wisdom of compressing malignant tumours, as is now customary with this imaging process, has been questioned 5. There have been reports of cysts rupturing during mammographic compression.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening programme not cost effective

Watmough

Kumar

1994

BMJ

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“…Hence the role of breast cancer detection becomes increasingly important, leading to a demand in effective diagnostic measures. The gold standard for breast cancer detection remains the mammography [4], or x ray imaging of a compressed breast is based on detecting the density differences between normal tissues and lesions. This method possesses high sensitivity, which is the ability to detect abnormalities; but has limited specificity, that is the ability to distinguish a benign lesion from a malignant tumor.…”

Section: Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…• lesions [4]. It is an inexpensive imaging procedure whereby ionizing x-ray is passed through the breast and negative film screen, mammogram, will be produced [4]. The breast screened is compressed during the process.…”

Section: Chapter 2 Cancer Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microwave detection of early tumors

Zhang¹

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xii 4.5 Scanning a PPWP about the breast for minimum response of S 21. ………. 4.6 Magnitude of S 21 at different scattering angle θ' 1 over a frequency range. (a) with dielectric contrast of 5-j0.2 between the tumor and the surrounding medium. (b) with dielectric properties defined by (4.3). …… 4.7 PPWP making S 11 measurements at different positions of a breast with tumor and clutter items present. ………………………………………….. 4.8 Magnitude of the differences in the S 11, ∆S 11. (a) 1 tumor surrounded by 5 clutter items. (b) All 6 clutter items. ……………………………………... 4.9 Comparison of Σ∆S 11 , the summation of the magnitude of the differences in S 11 for (a) Tumor of different sizes. (b) Tumor at different depths. …… 4.10 Magnitude of differences ∆S 11 obtained at various positions of the breast with clutter assuming +30% dielectric variation of normal breast tissue. .. 4.11 Magnitude of differences ∆S 11 obtained at various positions of the breast with clutter assuming with clutter with dielectric properties defined by Equation (4.4). ……………………………………………………………. 4.12 Magnitude of S 21 obtained at different scattering angle θ' 1 at 2GHz. ……. 5.1 3D view of the flanged parallel-plate dielectric waveguide probe. ………. 5.2 (a) A planar dielectric-clad conductor. (b) Top view of PPDW. …………. 5.3 End view of the aperture plane of the PPDW. ……………………………. 5.4 0 max b λ for TE 11 cutoffs for the PPDW. ………………………………... 5.5 Top view of the central guide near the aperture of the probe. ……………. 5.6 Wave propagation angle versus frequency. ……………………………….

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X-ray mammography and breast compression

Cited by 13 publications

References 5 publications

No evidence for shedding of circulating tumor cells to the peripheral venous blood as a result of mammographic breast compression

No evidence for shedding of circulating tumor cells to the peripheral venous blood as a result of mammographic breast compression

Screening programme not cost effective

Microwave detection of early tumors

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