X-Ray Observations of Type Ia Supernovae with
                    <i>Swift</i>
                    : Evidence of Circumstellar Interaction for SN 2005ke

Immler, S.; Brown, P. J.; Milne, Peter; Petre, Robert; Gehrels, N.; Burrows, D. N.; Nousek, J. A.; Williams, C. L.; Pian, E.; Mazzali, P. A.; Nomoto, Ken’ichi; Chevalier, Roger A.; Mangano, V.; Holland, S. T.; Roming, P. W. A.; Greiner, J.; Pooley, David

doi:10.1086/507947

Cited by 78 publications

(122 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…A few days later, the object was classified as an underluminous Type Ia event caught before maximum light (Patat et al 2005). Spectroscopic and photometric data were presented by Immler et al (2006), Bufano et al (2009), Folatelli et al (2010, and Contreras et al (2010), to which we refer the reader for the general properties of this object.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

VLT Spectropolarimetry of the Type Ia SN 2005ke

Patat¹,

Hoêflich²,

Baade³

et al. 2012

A&A

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Aims. In this study we try to answer the question whether or not subluminous Type Ia supernovae have additional distinctive properties when examined from the point of view of the explosion geometry. Methods. We have performed optical spectropolarimetric observations of the Type Ia SN 2005ke at 3 epochs (days −8, −7, and +76). The explosion properties are derived by comparing the data to explosion and radiation transfer models. Results. The supernova shows polarimetric properties that are very similar to the only other subluminous event for which spectropolarimetry is available, i.e. SN 1999by. The data present a very marked dominant axis, which is shared by both the continuum and lines such as Si ii λ6355, suggesting that the relatively large, global asymmetry is common to the photosphere and the line-forming region. The maximum polarization degree observed in the Si ii λ6355 absorption reaches 0.39 ± 0.08%. At variance with what is seen in core-normal Type Ia, SN 2005ke displays significant continuum polarization, which grows from the blue to the red and peaks at about 7000 Å, reaching ∼0.7%. The properties of the polarization and flux spectra can be understood within the framework of a subluminous delayed-detonation (DD), or pulsating DD scenario, or white dwarf (WD) mergers. The difference in appearance with respect to core-normal SNe Ia is caused by low photospheric temperatures in combination with layers of unburned C, and more massive layers of the products of explosive C and O burning. The comparatively high level of continuum polarization is explained in terms of a significant global asymmetry (∼15%), which is well reproduced by an oblate ellipsoidal geometry within the general context of a DD explosion. Conclusions. Our results suggest that SN 2005ke arose either from a single-degenerate system in which the WD is especially rapidly rotating, close to the break-up velocity, or from a double-degenerate merger. Based on the current polarization data, we cannot distinguish between these two possibilities. Possible tests are discussed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

VLT Spectropolarimetry of the Type Ia SN 2005ke

Patat¹,

Hoêflich²,

Baade³

et al. 2012

A&A

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“…The supernovae Ia SN 2005ke which exploded on 2005 Nov. 06 ± 2 days (with optical and X-ray maxima occurring ∼20 and respectively ∼45 days later Immler et al 2006) is 14 arcmin away from the BAT flare but these two events coincide in time. The large scale image is affected by a circular artefact centred on SN 2005ke, we must conclude that this flare is an artefact from the observations of SN 2005ke.…”

Section: Dubious Casesmentioning

confidence: 96%

Unbeamed tidal disruption events at hard X-rays

Hryniewicz

Walter

2016

A&A

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Context. Owing to their thermal emission, tidal disruption events (TDEs) were regularly detected in the soft X-rays and sometimes in the optical. Only a few TDEs have been detected at hard X-rays: two are high redshift beamed events, one of which occurred at the core of a nearby galaxy, and the most recent one is of a different nature, involving a compact object in the Milky Way. Aims. The aims of this work are to obtain a first sample of hard X-ray-selected unbeamed TDEs, to determine their frequency and to probe whether TDEs usually or exceptionally emit at hard X-ray energies. Methods. We performed extensive searches for hard X-ray flares at positions in over 53 000 galaxies, up to a distance of 100 Mpc in the Swift/BAT archive. Light curves were extracted and parametrized. The quiescent hard X-ray emission was used to exclude persistently active galactic nuclei. Significant flares from non-active galaxies were derived and checked for possible contamination. Results. We found a sample of nine TDE candidates, which translates into a rate of 2 × 10 −5 galaxy −1 yr −1 above the BAT detection limit. This rate is consistent with those observed by XMM-Newton at soft X-rays and in the optical from SDSS observations, and is as expected from simulations. We conclude that hard X-ray emission should be ubiquitous in un-beamed TDEs and that electrons should be accelerated in their accretion flow.

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“…Although initially weak, the X-ray radiation in the shocked regions increases as more heated and compressed material is accumulated. To take the effects of CSM interaction into account, we adopt an analytic model of the underlying X-ray continuum emission (Immler et al 2006;Hughes et al 2007). …”

Section: Observability Of the 59 Kev Linementioning

confidence: 99%

5.9-keV Mn K-shell X-ray luminosity from the decay of 55Fe in Type Ia supernova models

Seitenzahl¹,

Krauß²,

Diehl³

et al. 2014

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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We show that the X-ray line flux of the Mn K α line at 5.9 keV from the decay of 55 Fe is a promising diagnostic to distinguish between Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) explosion models. Using radiation transport calculations, we compute the line flux for two three-dimensional explosion models: a near-Chandrasekhar mass delayed detonation and a violent merger of two (1.1 and 0.9 M ⊙ ) white dwarfs. Both models are based on solar metallicity zero-age main sequence progenitors. Due to explosive nuclear burning at higher density, the delayeddetonation model synthesises ∼3.5 times more radioactive 55 Fe than the merger model. As a result, we find that the peak Mn K α line flux of the delayed-detonation model exceeds that of the merger model by a factor of ∼4.5. Since in both models the 5.9 keV X-ray flux peaks five to six years after the explosion, a single measurement of the X-ray line emission at this time can place a constraint on the explosion physics that is complementary to those derived from earlier phase optical spectra or light curves. We perform detector simulations of current and future X-ray telescopes to investigate the possibilities of detecting the X-ray line at 5.9 keV. Of the currently existing telescopes, XMM-Newton/pn is the best instrument for close ( 1 − 2 Mpc), non-background limited SNe Ia because of its large effective area. Due to its low instrumental background, Chandra/ACIS is currently the best choice for SNe Ia at distances above ∼2 Mpc. For the delayed-detonation scenario, a line detection is feasible with Chandra up to ∼3 Mpc for an exposure time of 10 6 s. We find that it should be possible with currently existing X-ray instruments (with exposure times 5 × 10 5 s) to detect both of our models at sufficiently high S/N to distinguish between them for hypothetical events within the Local Group. The prospects for detection will be better with future missions. For example, the proposed Athena/X-IFU instrument could detect our delayed-detonation model out to a distance of ∼5 Mpc. This would make it possible to study future events occurring during its operational life at distances comparable to those of the recent supernovae SN 2011fe (∼6.4 Mpc) and SN 2014J (∼3.5 Mpc).

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X-Ray Observations of Type Ia Supernovae with Swift : Evidence of Circumstellar Interaction for SN 2005ke

Cited by 78 publications

References 30 publications

VLT Spectropolarimetry of the Type Ia SN 2005ke

VLT Spectropolarimetry of the Type Ia SN 2005ke

Unbeamed tidal disruption events at hard X-rays

5.9-keV Mn K-shell X-ray luminosity from the decay of 55Fe in Type Ia supernova models

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