X-ray Optics of a Dynamical Sagittal-Focusing Monochromator on the GILDA Beamline at the ESRF

Pascarelli, S.; Boscherini, Federico; d’Acapito, Francesco; Hrdý, J.; Meneghini, Carlo; Mobilio, Settimio

doi:10.1107/s0909049596004992

Cited by 259 publications

(135 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…EXAFS measurements EXAFS measurements at the Er-LIII edge (E = 8358 eV) were carried out at the GILDA-CRG beamline [22] at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility. The monochromator was equipped with a pair of Si(3 1 1) crystals and was run in dynamical focusing mode [23]. The rejection of higher order harmonics was achieved by using a pair of Pd-coated mirrors with a cutoff energy of 20 keV.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of CaO addition in the local order around Erbium in SiO2–GeO2–P2O5 fiber preforms

d’Acapito¹,

Maurizio²,

Paul³

et al. 2008

Materials Science and Engineering: B

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The development of materials for optical signal processing represents a major issue in present technology. In this contribution we present a study on Er-doped fiber preforms where particular attention is devoted on how the addition of CaO in the glass modifies the local environment of the rare earth. The results from photoluminescence and Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS) are compared and a clear link between the width of the emission line at 1.5 µm and the amorphous/crystalline local structure around the Er3+ ion is evidenced.Keywords: Optic fibers; EXAFS; Erbium; Nanoparticles 1. Introduction Knowledge of the environment of rare earth ions in glasses is essential for the understanding of the spectral properties of these glasses and the design of new glass compositions for photonics applications. Among the rare earths, erbium is especially interesting because the 4I13/2 − 4I15/2 transition at ≈1.54 µm coincides with the lowest attenuation window of silica glass fiber; hence, erbium doped glasses can be used to amplify attenuated signals in optical fiber telecommunication systems. While Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) was developed 20 years ago, extensive studies are still carried out to improve its properties. In particular, linear dimensions should be reduced although the severe limitations imposed by the poor rare earth solubility into silica matrix. Moreover, spectral bandwidth should be increased to improve the Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) applications. To solve these problems, various approaches have been proposed namely Er-Tm co-doping [1] or Er incorporation in nanoparticles (NP). However, to be compatible with optical waveguide applications, Rayleigh scattering must be kept at a minimum. For this purpose, Tick proposed that the particles size must be less than 15 nm with a narrow distribution size and high density [2]. There are reports on thin films containing semiconductor and metal nanoparticles acting as sensitizers, absorbing the incident light with a high crosssection and exciting erbium co-doped ions in the nanoparticle vicinity through energy transfer [3][4][5][6][7][8]. Here we propose for the first time to incorporate Er into oxide nanoparticles in optical fibers to improve the spectroscopic properties of erbium ions. To our knowledge only few studies on nano-structured silica fibers were dedicated to metal ions properties [9]. In our samples, oxide nano-structures are prepared by adjusting the composition of usual modifiers in the core of the fiber. A glass with an immiscibility gap is obtained and two phases are then formed with high and low silica content. The nanoparticles are preserved when the perform is drawn into a fiber. An effective method to study the incorporation of Er in a matrix is by Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS) [10] as this technique provides quantitative information on the geometry and chemical composition of the environment of the element under study. The Er site has been successfully studied by this technique in a var...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of CaO addition in the local order around Erbium in SiO2–GeO2–P2O5 fiber preforms

d’Acapito¹,

Maurizio²,

Paul³

et al. 2008

Materials Science and Engineering: B

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“…A dynamically sagittally focussing Si(311) monochromator [7] was used and harmonics were rejected using a pair of Pd-coated grazing incidence mirrors and by detuning the crystals. The Fe absorption coefficient was monitored by measuring the intensity of the Fe K α fluorescence, using a 13-element hyper-pure Ge detector equipped with digital electronics and a 1 µs peaking time.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Local structure of iron implanted in indium phosphide

Ciatto¹,

d’Acapito²,

Boscherini

et al. 2003

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B:

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In an attempt to clarify the origin of the limited electrical activity of Fe implanted in InP we report an X-ray absorption spectroscopy investigation. Fe implantation was performed with a recently developed procedure involving dynamical annealing which is able to increase the electrically active Fe concentration by at least a factor of 100 with respect to previous methods. We have found that Fe is always bonded to P atoms and is never present in the metallic or oxide form. The local structural parameters suggest the formation upon annealing of a disordered Fe P compound, which may be at the origin of the limited electrical activity

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“…Table 2 reports the chemical data relative to major and minor elements of all the analysed samples 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 Fe and Mn K-edge XANES spectra were collected in fluorescence mode at the GILDA-CRG beamline (ESRF, Grenoble, France), during two different experiments, using a dynamically and sagittally focussing monochromator [31], with Si(311) and Si(111) crystals, respectively. For all spectra, a reference metallic foil was used to provide an internal and accurate energy calibration of the monochromator.…”

Section: The Archaeological Glassmentioning

confidence: 99%

A XANES study of chromophores in archaeological glass

2012

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Abstract:We applied X-ray Absorption Near Edge Spectroscopy (XANES) to obtain information on the origin of glass color of several archaeological samples and on the oxidation conditions employed during their production. We studied a series of selected glass fragments mainly from excavated primary and secondary production centers and dated to the first millennium AD containing iron and manganese in a wide compositional range. In most of the studied samples iron is rather oxidized, while Mn K-edge XANES data show that, in all the studied glass, Mn is mainly present in its reduced form (predominantly 2+), with the possible subordinate presence of Mn3+. The most oxidized samples are the HIMT (High Iron Manganese Titanium) glasses, while the less oxidized belong to the primary natron glass series from the early Islamic tank furnaces at Bet Eliezer (Israel), and to the series coming from a Roman glass workshop excavated in Basinghall Street, London. In these glasses, iron is approximately equally distributed over the 2+ and 3+ oxidation states. The XANES analyses of two glass which had been deliberately decolorized using Sb-and Mnbased decolorizers, demonstrate that Sb is more effective than Mn as oxidant.Response to Reviewers: Torino 04/10/12Dear Editor please find enclosed the revised version of the manuscript APYA-D-12-00685 "A XANES study of chromophores in archaeological glass." by Rossella Arletti, Simona Quartieri and Ian Freestone, modified after the reviewers' comments. All the points raised by the reviewers are commented in the following. Editor:The manuscript may look just as "another paper reporting the study of ancient glasses from other provenances" once the novelty eventually contained in the submitted manuscript is not dully emphasized. Beyond complementing the reported chemical data, a more detailed physical discussion of XANES results would help support the submission of the manuscript to Applied Physics A, Materials Science & Processing.-A table with the whole chemical analyses of all the samples was provided -some more details have been added to the description of the method adopted for the determination of Fe oxidation state. Powered by Editorial Manager® and Preprint Manager® from Aries Systems CorporationReviewer #1: Page 2, line 57-58: It would benefit the readers to include a reference of using arsenic to control the color due to Fe oxidation state as I found it is less common than antimony and manganese for the same role.-As far as we are aware, arsenic was not used regularly as a decolorant in glass until the eighteenth century AD in Bohemia. It was used on a regular basis in the nineteenth century (see Dungworth D, 2011. The Value of Historic Window Glass. The Historic Environment 2, 21-48). This reference has been added to the manuscript.Page 3, line 26: Please delete a space before the last bracket.-The text was corrected according to the referee suggestion Page 3, line 30: Please use a comma between 20 and 21.-The text was corrected according to the referee suggestion Page 4, line 13: The...

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X-ray Optics of a Dynamical Sagittal-Focusing Monochromator on the GILDA Beamline at the ESRF

Cited by 259 publications

References 13 publications

Role of CaO addition in the local order around Erbium in SiO2–GeO2–P2O5 fiber preforms

Role of CaO addition in the local order around Erbium in SiO2–GeO2–P2O5 fiber preforms

Local structure of iron implanted in indium phosphide

A XANES study of chromophores in archaeological glass

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