X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Depth Profiling of Electrochemically Prepared Thin Oxide Layers on Duplex Stainless Steel

Donik, Črtomir; Kocijan, Aleksandra; Mandrino, Djordje; Jenko, Monika

doi:10.1007/s11663-011-9532-3

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The peak energy of the oxidized Cr corresponds to that of Cr 3+ . [16][17][18] The relative intensities of the oxidized Cr spectrum to the metallic Cr is in the order of 30Cr-2Mo steel < 18Cr steel < 11Cr steel, similar to the Fe spectra.…”

Section: Potentialmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…4, the spectrum of Fe 2p(3/2) was decomposed into two chemical states, one metallic Fe at a peak binding energy (BE) of 706.8 eV and the other oxidized Fe at a BE of 710.9 eV. Though several authors have further deconvoluted the oxidized Fe spectrum into a few chemical states, [16][17][18] we treated the oxidized Fe spectrum as an element with a relatively large half width. The peak energy of the oxidized Fe spectrum corresponds to that of the Fe 3+ state in the oxide.…”

Section: Potentialmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effect of Impurity Concentration and Cr Content on the Passive Oxide Films in Ferritic Stainless Steels

Ohtsuka

Abe

Ishii³

2015

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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The properties of passive oxides on three steels consisting of 11%Cr, 18%Cr, and 30%Cr-2%Mo were studied in acidic sulfate solution by the Mott-Schottky relation for semiconducting properties, potential modulation reflectance (PMR) spectroscopy for light absorption properties, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) for composition estimation, and Fe 3+ / Fe 2+ redox current measurement for properties of electron transfer. The influence of the impurity concentration in the steels was also studied. The donor density in n-type semiconducting passive oxides as estimated from the Mott-Schottky plot decreased with a higher Cr content and with a lower impurity concentration. Cr enrichment occurred in the passive oxide and, for example, for 30Cr-2Mo steels, the ratio of Cr ions to total metallic ions in the passive oxide was approximately 70 wt%. The light absorption edge of the passive oxide measured by PMR was approximately 2.4 eV, irrespective of the Cr content and impurity concentration. The redox current on the passive oxide was much inhibited compared with that on the Pt electrode. The redox current decreased in a similar manner as the donor density. The inhibition of the redox current was assumed to be due to the space charge layer in the n-type semiconducting passive oxide. The non-metallic impurities in steels greatly affect the corrosion resistivity of the passive oxide film formed on them. The passive oxide usually covers the steels homogeneously and protects them against corrosion. When non-metallic deposits including impurities appear on the surface, the passive oxide irregularly covers the steels on the impurities, and the protection property of the passive oxide depends on the size and density of the surface deposits. Pitting corrosion may be initiated around the surface deposits. Muto et al. reported that surface deposits of manganese sulfide were initially dissolved by chloridecontaining aqueous solution, and the pores or channels of the dissolved deposit worked as initiation sites of pitting corrosion.1,2 Controlling the type and concentration of impurities may be one approach to achieve highly resistive passivated steels. Hara et al. noted that the thickness of the passive oxide on ferritic stainless steels decreased with a lower concentration of impurities. 3The passive oxide on iron has been proposed to possess an ntype semiconducting property that can be estimated from capacitance measurements and photo-electrochemistry. 4,5 The passive oxide on chromium has been reported to be p-type semiconducting 6 or to consist of both n-type and p-type semiconducting layers that are located in the inner and the outer parts of the passive oxide, respectively. 7For the passive oxide on Fe-Cr ferritic stainless steel, an n-type semiconducting property was reported by Castro and Vilche.8 Kim et al., however, reported a p-type semiconducting property for the passive oxide, 9 and Tsuchiya et al. proposed a hetero-junction consisting of the p-type semiconductor in the inner part of the passive oxide and the n-type in...

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Section: Potentialmentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Potentialmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Impurity Concentration and Cr Content on the Passive Oxide Films in Ferritic Stainless Steels

Ohtsuka

Abe

Ishii³

2015

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…The energy peaks of the metallic elements agree with those in the literature in a 0.1 eV range. 24,31,34,35 For the oxide elements, we assumed a single chemical state for Fe and Ni and two Cr states (i.e., Cr 2 O 3 and Cr(OH) 3 ). 21,23,[31][32][33] The relatively large FWHM of oxidized Fe indicates that the spectra include several states of Fe(II) or Fe(III)-oxide, Fe(III)-oxyhydroxide, and Fe(III)-hydroxide.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The energy peaks of the metallic elements agree with those in the literature in a 0.1 eV range. 24,31,34,35 21,[23][24][25][26]33,34 In the deconvolution, the peak energies were assumed to be constant for the quantitative analysis and the deconvolution process was very likely to introduce artificial error because of the selection of the peak positions. In this study we emphasized the quantitative ratio of the metal ions in the oxide rather than the detailed states of individual metallic ions.…”

Section: 23mentioning

confidence: 99%

Aging of Passive Oxide on SUS304 Stainless Steel in a Sulfuric Acid Solution

Ohtsuka

Ueda

Abe

2016

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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The passive oxide film on SUS 304 stainless steel (SS) was studied in a 0.1 mol dm −3 sulfuric acid solution as a function of passivation time. The passive oxide films were measured by ellipsometry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). A Mott-Schottky plot of the film capacitance was employed to determine the donor density in the n-type semiconducting oxide film, and current measurements of the Fe 3+ /Fe 2+ redox couple were employed to investigate the electronic transfer process on the passive oxide film. The passive oxide consists of Cr-Fe-Ni oxides in which enrichment of Cr to 57 mol% occurs as the potential increases. During the aging of the passive oxide at 0.6 V vs. Ag/AgCl/saturated KCl (SSC) for 43 ks, the current decreased from 30 μA cm −2 at 10 s to 0.025 μA cm −2 at 43 ks, and the Cr ratio in the oxide increased from 49 to 57 mol% with an increase in the O 2-ratio. Notably, the film thickness remained nearly constant at 1.3 nm during the aging process. Enrichment of the Cr content resulted in a decrease in the donor density of the n-type semiconducting passive oxide and the inhibition of electronic charge transfer from/to the Fe 3+ /Fe 2+ redox couple in the electrolyte. The corrosion resistance of stainless steel is the result of surface passive films enriched in chromium. The passive oxide film on conventional austenitic stainless steel (SS) SUS304 has been investigated with a focus on its composition, 1-6 thickness 7-9 and semiconducting properties. 5,6,[10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] For the oxide formed in an acidic aqueous solution, the chromium oxide component was enriched to a ratio of approximately 50-60 mol % in passive oxide in an acidic aqueous solution. 1-3Its thickness was estimated by ellipsometry to be 1-2 nm. 8,20 In neutral and slightly alkaline solutions, the passive oxide consists of an inner chromium-rich oxide layer and an outer iron-rich oxide layer. [4][5][6] The semiconducting properties of passive oxides 5,6,[10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] has been estimated from a Mott-Schottky plot of the capacitance data and photoelectrochemical measurements. The Mott-Schottky plot in the potential range, in which little reduction of the film occurs, indicated that the passive oxide had an n-type semiconducting property. 6,10,13,16,19,21 However, the results of photo-electrochemical measurement indicated that the passive oxide had both n-type and p-type semiconducting properties. 5,17,18 Because there are no in situ techniques available to determine the composition of the thin passive oxide on 304 SS, ex-situ spectroscopies performed in vacuum, such as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) [1][2][3][4]6 and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), 4,5 have been used to obtain this information. Additionally, the film composition and structure were determined using simulations involving photoelectron signals and the attenuation of these signals of the ionic and metallic species. For the anodic passive oxide on 304 SS and on Fe-Cr alloys in sulfuric acid solutions, ...

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“…[7][8][9][10][11]. C. Donik et al [12] used X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to study the passivation film composition of 2205 DSS in a chloride solution, concluding that the passivation film contained mainly Fe and Cr oxides. R.A. Perren [13] used a microelectrochemical method to study the corrosion resistance of 2507 DSS in chloride-containing environments and found that the Sigma phase and secondary austenite reduce the corrosion resistance of 2507DSS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cavitation Erosion Behavior of 2205 and 2507 Duplex Stainless Steels in Distilled Water and Artificial Seawater

Wu,

Lian,

et al. 2023

Tribology Online

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Herein, cavitation erosion tests were carried out on 2205 and 2507 duplex stainless steels (DSSs) in distilled water and artificial seawater using ultrasonic cavitation erosion equipment. Optical microscope (OM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used to observe the microstructure and cavitation erosion morphology of the specimens. Cavitation erosion and corrosion behaviors of the specimens were analyzed and the synergistic effect between cavitation erosion and corrosion in artificial seawater was also examined. The results show that the cavitation erosion resistance of 2507 DSS is better than that of 2205 DSS in all kinds of solutions. The destruction occurs first in ferrite due to its lower plasticity. The synergistic effect of cavitation erosion and corrosion accelerates the destruction of the material, and the mass loss caused by cavitation erosion-corrosion synergy for 2205 DSS is higher than that of 2507 DSS.

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X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Depth Profiling of Electrochemically Prepared Thin Oxide Layers on Duplex Stainless Steel

Cited by 8 publications

References 36 publications

The Effect of Impurity Concentration and Cr Content on the Passive Oxide Films in Ferritic Stainless Steels

The Effect of Impurity Concentration and Cr Content on the Passive Oxide Films in Ferritic Stainless Steels

Aging of Passive Oxide on SUS304 Stainless Steel in a Sulfuric Acid Solution

Cavitation Erosion Behavior of 2205 and 2507 Duplex Stainless Steels in Distilled Water and Artificial Seawater

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