X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study of red oak- (Quercus rubra), black cherry- (Prunus serotina) and red pine- (Pinus resinosa) extracted wood surfaces

Abstract

The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) study of black cherry (Prunus serotina), red oak (Quercus rubra), and red pine (Pinus resinosa) wood samples extracted with ethanol, ethanol -toluene, and water was conducted to evaluate chemical modifications occurring on the wood surface due to wood extractives, and derive possible implications for wood utilization.Results obtained indicate an increase in the O/C values following extraction treatments due to the partial removal of high carbon content extractives. The C 1s peaks indicated a decrease in the area of the C1 peak, known to originate from lignin and extractives following extraction. At the same time, a rise in the C 2 peak (mainly originating from cellulose and hemicelluloses) was observed, indicating that more cellulose was exposed on the wood surface following extraction. The O 1s peaks showed an increase in the O 1 peak originating from cellulose, therefore confirming the trend observed for C 1s peaks. These results suggest that extracted wood is more wettable because of the increased exposure of high-oxygen-content cellulose molecules, known to be more hydrophilic than lignin and high carbon content extractives.

XPS characterization of wood chemical composition after heat-treatment

“…2 Extractives are also present in very small quantities in beech and their contribution to the overall XPS spectrum is relatively low except under certain conditions. 10,12 From these data, it appears that carbon atoms bonded with one oxygen atom (C 2 class) must be the most abundant. Carbon atoms bonded with other carbon or hydrogen (C 1 class) or bonded with two oxygen atoms (C 3 class) are present in smaller proportions, while those bonded with three oxygen atoms are less abundant.…”

Influence of Post-extraction on Photostability of Thermally Modified Scots Pine Wood during Artificial Weathering

“…C3 represents the C=O and O-C-O bonds; these groups come mainly from polysaccharides and extractives. The C4 peak corresponds to the O-C=O bonding of carboxylic derivatives (Hon 1984;Chang et al 2001;Sinn et al 2001;Fardim and Durán 2002;Shchukarev et al 2002;Nzokou and Kamdem 2005). For both nonextracted and extracted thermally modified wood, after weathering, the C1 peak shrank and the C2 peak became higher, suggesting a significant decrease in both lignin and extractive contents for the surface of the thermally modified wood during weathering.…”

Sustainable natural adsorbents for heavy metal removal from wastewater: lead sorption on pine bark (Pinus radiataD.Don)

“…G. Montes-Atenas and S. L. M. Schroeder wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/sia Several scientific reports have been devoted only to analyze and to interpret the results from X-ray photoelectron spectra of wood and compounds derived from it. [21][22][23][24] Figure 4 shows the C1s and O1s emission lines obtained for the untreated sample of pine bark (sample 1) and charged with Pb(II) ions (sample 2). The energy scale was fixed and referred to 285 eV (Fig.…”

“…[26] The O/C ratio at the original bark material is 0.23, which is somewhat lower than the value of 0.33 expected for lignin. [21] The latter indicates the presence of significant cellulosic components. The observed value is in fact identical to that observed previously for the wood of Pinus Sylvestris.…”

“…[21,22,25] The two peaks at around 532.4 and 533.5 eV have been assigned to C-O (lignin and extractives) and O-C-O, respectively. Previous assignments used to consider three bands, [25] including C¼O species as well as oxygen atoms linked to cellulose structure and phenolic oxygens.…”