X-ray photoemission spectra of the 4d levels in rare-earth metals

Enhanced Pr3+ photoluminescence by energy transfer in SrF2 : Eu2+, Pr3+ phosphor

“…Both the oxidation states of Eu are optically active and were detected in the SrF 2 host in a study previously done by the authors 9 and it was reported in investigations done by other researchers. 19,20 In the Pr ions only the Pr 3+ oxidation state is optically active, while the Pr 4+ state acts as quenching center on the materials. 21 The XPS technique is a suitable technique to investigate the oxidation states of the lanthanide ions in compounds.…”

Multiplet splitting of the manganese2pand3plevels in MnF2Kowalczyk1, Ley2, McFeely3 et al. 1975Phys. Rev. BSelf Cite1413321View full textAdd to dashboardCite

“…[9][10][11][12] ser1es. These studies have been confined primarily to the core s levels because of the simplicity of their spectra.…”

Resonant Photoemission from Gd on Cu(100)

“…We can attempt to predict a 5p energy level scheme by qualitatively following the arguments Judd [20] employed to predict the energy levels of a f7d configuration in the actinides. This approach was previously used quantitatively by Kowalczyk et al [21] to explain the multiplet structure seen in PE spectra of the 4d levels in Gd and Eu (which also has a half-full 4f shell). A schematic representation of the anticipated splitting is given in Fig.…”

“…Unlike the effect described above (Section 4.1) for the 5s intensity ratio, the reduction of 7P intensity is entirely consistent with the direction of the effect in the 3d transition metals [19] where the mixing is confined exclusively to the lower spin state, and the intensity ratio of higher spin to lower spin term is therefore increased. It is also possible that interaction between final states within the p5f7 configuration causes a readjustment, as follows, of the 7P multiplet (similar to the contraction of the 7D multiplet in the XPS spectrum of Eu [21]). Two other 'P terms of the p5f7 configuration can be derived by coupling the p-hole with the 6P and 6D excited terms of the parent f 7 configuration.…”

“…Much current surface science research is aimed at understanding the interesting and often technologically important modifications of the bulk physical and chemical properties of a metal that occur when it is deposited as an ultrathin film [l, 21. The study of rare earth (RE) thin films is particularly important, because of their potential as catalyst precursors and their use in alloy form in magneto-optic recording media.…”