X-ray Photospectroscopy and Electronic Studies of Reactor Parameters on Photocatalytic Hydrogenation of Carbon Dioxide by Defect-Laden Indium Oxide Hydroxide Nanorods

Abstract

In the study reported herein, glovebox-protected X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and in situ Hall charge carrier measurements provide new insights into the surface physical chemistry of gaseous H2, CO2, and H2+CO2 combined with nanostructured In2O(3−x)(OH)y nanorods, which ensue under photochemical and thermochemical operating conditions. Heterolytic dissociation of H2 in H2-only atmosphere appears to occur mainly under dark and ambient temperature conditions, while the greatest amount of OH shoulder expansion in H2+CO2 atmosphere appears to mainly occur under photoilluminated conditions. These results correlate with those of the Hall measurements, which show that the prevalence of homolytic over heterolytic dissociation at increasing temperatures leads to a steeper rate of increase in carrier concentrations; and that H2 adsorption is more prevalent than CO2 in H2+CO2 photoillumination conditions.

Electrochemical Properties of a Dual-Ion Semiconductor-Ionic Co0.2Zn0.8O-Sm0.20Ce0.80O2−δ Composite for a High-Performance Low-Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cell

“…Generally, the O 1s spectrum of pure ZnO has a sharp peak at 531.3 eV. After the incorporation of Co into ZnO, the line widths of the O1s peak broadened in Co 0.2 Zn 0.8 O, which is deconvoluted into separate peaks at 531.3 and 532 eV corresponding to the metal–oxygen (M–O) and surface-active oxygen (in other terms oxygen vacancies (O vac )), as shown in Figure f …”

“…Subsequently, Co doping 7f. 61 Moreover, XPS analysis was also performed to study the effect of heterostructure formation between Co 0.2 Zn 0.8 O-SDC on oxygen vacancies formation. The complete spectrum of Co 0.2 Zn 0.8 O-SDC is presented in Figure 8a to make sure that every element, Co, Zn, Ce, Sm, and O1s, is present in the heterostructure composite.…”

Influence of Electrolyte on the Electrode/Electrolyte Interface Formation on InSb Electrode in Mg-Ion Batteries

“…In contrast to the pristine sample, here the intensity of Sb 2 O 3 is relatively lower than InSb, implying that some portion of oxidized Sb participates in the magnesiation reaction, as already observed for surface tin oxides [ 37 , 41 ], or reacts with the electrolyte. Surprisingly, a broad peak corresponding to In(OH) 3 is observed around 533.0 eV), which might arise from a parasitic and irreversible chemical reaction between discharged InSb and the THF solvent [ 56 , 57 ]. On further discharge (½D1 and D1), all the peaks related to pristine components vanish, while a new doublet corresponding to the Mg 3 Sb 2 (526.8, 536.2 eV) compound appears (reference spectra of Mg 3 Sb 2 are given in Figure S1 ).…”

Zn- and Ti-Doped SnO2 for Enhanced Electroreduction of Carbon Dioxide

“…The experimental data were fitted using four Voigt functions in order to reproduce the experimental curves. These result in four peaks assigned to: (I) lattice oxide around 529.5 eV; (II) oxygen surface vacancy at 530.5 eV; (III) hydroxide at 532 eV; (IV) protonated OH groups at 532.5 eV, as reported also in Table S4 [ 38 ]. Considering only the O atoms related to the lattice and not the adsorbed species, the ratio between peak II and (peak I + peak II) gives an indication about the number of O vacancies (O vac ) present at the surface, as reported in the last column of Table S4 .…”