X‐Ray Powder Diffraction

Herein, Daniel

doi:10.1002/9783527610044.hetcat0039

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Almost every major synchrotron facility has an active catalysis research community among its users. Recent reviews describe the broad range of tools, from spectroscopy , to scattering , to imaging, , available for catalysis investigations using synchrotron radiation. In principle, one must be able to characterize complex materials that operate in a wide range of temperature and pressure conditions. − Because of the complexity of interactions occurring simultaneously in broad spatial and temporal ranges, this field relies not on a single instrument or single experiment, but on a combination of information gained from different sources.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent reviews describe the broad range of tools, from spectroscopy , to scattering , to imaging, , available for catalysis investigations using synchrotron radiation. In principle, one must be able to characterize complex materials that operate in a wide range of temperature and pressure conditions. − Because of the complexity of interactions occurring simultaneously in broad spatial and temporal ranges, this field relies not on a single instrument or single experiment, but on a combination of information gained from different sources. Significant progress has been made in the past two decades in transforming a typical synchrotron hutch into a modern day chemistry laboratory with a hub of integrated instruments, as illustrated in the following examples.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synchrotron Techniques for In Situ Catalytic Studies: Capabilities, Challenges, and Opportunities

2012

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Most industrial catalysts are complex materials that usually operate at elevated pressures and temperatures. Pressure, materials, instrument, and complexity gaps are obstacles toward understanding how catalysts work and how to rationally design new catalysts. In this article, we examine existing and emerging approaches to bridge some of these gaps and gain new insights into the catalyst active phase and catalytic mechanism using synchrotron-based spectroscopy, scattering, and imaging methods. The utilization of in situ, time-resolved synchrotron techniques offers unique opportunities to study working (operando) catalysts. Using several representative examples from recent literature we illustrate the synergy from using combinations of techniques to identify new details about catalytic properties that are unavailable when these methods are used separately. Following this approach it is possible to identify new catalyst phases and reaction intermediates.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synchrotron Techniques for In Situ Catalytic Studies: Capabilities, Challenges, and Opportunities

2012

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“…We point out that the Review discusses numerous characterization tools (e.g., X-ray and neutron diffraction, X-ray spectroscopy, and vibrational spectroscopies), and the reader will benefit from a basic understanding of these commonly used techniques. We recommend the interested reader to introductory literature regarding these various techniques. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Enigma of Methanol Synthesis by Cu/ZnO/Al₂O₃-Based Catalysts

Beck,

Newton,

van de Water

et al. 2024

Chem. Rev.

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The activity and durability of the Cu/ZnO/Al 2 O 3 (CZA) catalyst formulation for methanol synthesis from CO/CO 2 /H 2 feeds far exceed the sum of its individual components. As such, this ternary catalytic system is a prime example of synergy in catalysis, one that has been employed for the large scale commercial production of methanol since its inception in the mid 1960s with precious little alteration to its original formulation. Methanol is a key building block of the chemical industry. It is also an attractive energy storage molecule, which can also be produced from CO 2 and H 2 alone, making efficient use of sequestered CO 2 . As such, this somewhat unusual catalyst formulation has an enormous role to play in the modern chemical industry and the world of global economics, to which the correspondingly voluminous and ongoing research, which began in the 1920s, attests. Yet, despite this commercial success, and while research aimed at understanding how this formulation functions has continued throughout the decades, a comprehensive and universally agreed upon understanding of how this material achieves what it does has yet to be realized. After nigh on a century of research into CZA catalysts, the purpose of this Review is to appraise what has been achieved to date, and to show how, and how far, the field has evolved. To do so, this Review evaluates the research regarding this catalyst formulation in a chronological order and critically assesses the validity and novelty of various hypotheses and claims that have been made over the years. Ultimately, the Review attempts to derive a holistic summary of what the current body of literature tells us about the fundamental sources of the synergies at work within the CZA catalyst and, from this, suggest ways in which the field may yet be further advanced.

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Catalyst Characterization—Heterogeneous

Stavitski

Beale

Weckhuysen

2010

Encyclopedia of Catalysis

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The study of catalysts under in‐situ conditions enables the catalyst scientist to identify and understand the important steps, e.g., the formation of important reaction intermediates and active sites, and stages in a catalyst?s lifetime, such as activation/deactivation. The development of characterization methods as well as the design and construction of appropriate in‐situ cells and reactor probes are inevitable in order to obtain such insight. Both spectroscopic and scattering techniques have been used in attempt to understand quantitative structure/composition‐activity/selectivity relationships in catalysis. Armed with such detailed knowledge about the catalyst, it is then possible for scientists to design, in a more rational way, new and efficient catalysts for sustainable production of bulk and fine chemicals as well as for the removal of harmful compounds in industrial catalytic processes. This chapter provides an overview of the in‐situ characterization techniques available for investigation of catalytic materials. The possibilities and limitations of the methods are discussed and illustrated with numerous case studies.

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X‐Ray Powder Diffraction

Abstract: The sections in this article are Introduction Phase Analysis Peak Profile Analysis Full X‐Ray Powder Pattern Analysis In Situ X‐Ray Powder Diffraction Conclusion

Cited by 5 publications

References 52 publications

Synchrotron Techniques for In Situ Catalytic Studies: Capabilities, Challenges, and Opportunities

Synchrotron Techniques for In Situ Catalytic Studies: Capabilities, Challenges, and Opportunities

The Enigma of Methanol Synthesis by Cu/ZnO/Al₂O₃-Based Catalysts

Catalyst Characterization—Heterogeneous

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X‐Ray Powder Diffraction

Abstract: The sections in this article are Introduction Phase Analysis Peak Profile Analysis Full X‐Ray Powder Pattern Analysis In Situ X‐Ray Powder Diffraction Conclusion

Cited by 5 publications

References 52 publications

Synchrotron Techniques for In Situ Catalytic Studies: Capabilities, Challenges, and Opportunities

Synchrotron Techniques for In Situ Catalytic Studies: Capabilities, Challenges, and Opportunities

The Enigma of Methanol Synthesis by Cu/ZnO/Al2O3-Based Catalysts

Catalyst Characterization—Heterogeneous

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Product

Resources

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The Enigma of Methanol Synthesis by Cu/ZnO/Al₂O₃-Based Catalysts