X-ray Radioscopic Visualization of Bubbly Flows Injected Through a Top Submerged Lance into a Liquid Metal

Akashi, Megumi; Keplinger, Olga; Shevchenko, N.; Anders, Sten; Reuter, M.A.; Eckert, Sven

doi:10.1007/s11663-019-01720-y

Cited by 34 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…To prevent this, this zone was covered with a thin lead foil and the corresponding image area is not taken into account in the analysis. A detailed description of the image processing algorithm can be found in Akashi et al [16] .…”

Section: The Experimental Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The averaged chordal void fraction extracted from the X-ray imaging [16] is compared with the time-averaged distribution of the Ar volume fraction, calculated with the CFD model. Indeed, the average volume fraction of Ar can be interpreted as the probability of finding Ar in a specific location during the time of observation.…”

Section: B Post-processing the Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In another recent publication, the authors also report the application of X-ray radiography to visualize the flow of top-submerged gas injection into liquid metal. [16] This measurement technique has been successfully applied to investigate liquid metal multiphase flows. [17][18][19][20][21][22] The experimental activity of Akashi et al reveals the complexity of the multiphase flow of TSL Ar injection in the eutectic metal alloy GaInSn.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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CFD Modeling and Experimental Validation of Top-Submerged-Lance Gas Injection in Liquid Metal

Obiso

Akashi

Kriebitzsch

et al. 2020

Metall Mater Trans B

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In the present work, the dynamics of a downward gas injection into a liquid metal bath is studied using a numerical modeling approach, and validated with experimental data. As in a top-submerged-lance (TSL) smelter, gas is injected through the lance into the melt. By this means, the properties of the liquid are closer to the actual industrial process than the typically used water/glycerol–air/helium systems. The experimental activity was carried out in a quasi-2D vessel $$(144\times 144\times 12\,{\hbox {mm}}^{3})$$ ( 144 × 144 × 12 mm 3 ) filled with GaInSn, a metal alloy with eutectic at room temperature. Ar was used as the inert gas. The structure and behavior of the gas phase were visualized and quantitatively analyzed by X-ray radiography and high-speed imaging. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) was applied to simulate the multiphase flow in the vessel and the Volume Of Fluid (VOF) model chosen to track the interface using a geometric reconstruction of the interface. Three different vertical lance positions were investigated, applying a gas flow rate of $$Q_{\text {gas}}=6850\,{\hbox {cm}}^{3}/{\hbox {min}}.$$ Q gas = 6850 cm 3 / min . The CFD model is able to predict the bubble detachment frequency, the average void fraction distributions, and the bubble size and hydrodynamic behavior, demonstrating its applicability to simulate such complex multiphase systems. The use of numerical models also provides a deep insight into fluid dynamics to study particular phenomena such as bubble break-up and free surface oscillations.

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Section: The Experimental Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: B Post-processing the Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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CFD Modeling and Experimental Validation of Top-Submerged-Lance Gas Injection in Liquid Metal

Obiso

Akashi

Kriebitzsch

et al. 2020

Metall Mater Trans B

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“…This behavior was observed in previous works focused on TSL gas injection. [34,35] Because of the acceleration, the two bubbles collide and coalesce, continuing the ascent as a single bubble with double the volume. Only when constant slag properties are used does the first coalesced bubble break into four main smaller structures, which rise up separately.…”

Section: B Two Rising Bubblesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[24,25] Their results also showed the importance of a 3D approach in modeling bubble dynamics, since except for the axi-symmetric one, all the regimes present an asymmetric and inherently 3D nature. Bubble dynamics have also been investigated in molten metal systems, [26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34] which require sophisticated apparatus, such as X-ray radiography and ultrasound velocimetry, to measure the flow and provide data to validate numerical investigations, as in the previous work of the author. [35] In the present study, the authors focus on the motion of bubbles in the fayalitic slag, typical of smelting processes in the non-ferrous metallurgy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of Rising Bubbles in a Quiescent Slag Bath with Varying Thermo-Physical Properties

Obiso

Korobeinikov

Meyer

et al. 2020

Metall Mater Trans B

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The motion of bubbles in a liquid slag bath with temperature gradients is investigated by means of 3D fluid dynamic computations. The goal of the work is to describe the dynamics of the rising bubbles, taking into account the temperature dependency of the thermo-physical properties of the slag. Attention is paid to the modeling approach used for the slag properties and how this affects the simulation of the bubble motion. In particular, the usage of constant values is compared to the usage of temperature-dependent data, taken from models available in the literature and from in-house experimental measurements. Although the present study focuses on temperature gradients, the consideration of varying thermo-physical properties is greatly relevant for the fluid dynamic modeling of reactive slag baths, since the same effect is given by heterogeneous species and solid fraction distributions. CFD is applied to evaluate the bubble dynamics in terms of the rising path, terminal bubble shape, and velocity, the gas–liquid interface area, and the appearance of break-up phenomena. It is shown that the presence of a thermal gradient strongly acts on the gas–liquid interaction when the temperature-dependent properties are considered. Furthermore, the use of literature models and experimental data produces different results, demonstrating the importance of correctly modeling the slag’s thermo-physical properties.

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X-Ray and Neutron Radiographic Experiments on Particle-Laden Molten Metal Flows

Lappan

Sarma

Heitkam

et al. 2021

The Minerals, Metals &Amp; Materials Series

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X-ray Radioscopic Visualization of Bubbly Flows Injected Through a Top Submerged Lance into a Liquid Metal

Cited by 34 publications

References 39 publications

CFD Modeling and Experimental Validation of Top-Submerged-Lance Gas Injection in Liquid Metal

CFD Modeling and Experimental Validation of Top-Submerged-Lance Gas Injection in Liquid Metal

Dynamics of Rising Bubbles in a Quiescent Slag Bath with Varying Thermo-Physical Properties

X-Ray and Neutron Radiographic Experiments on Particle-Laden Molten Metal Flows

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