X-ray Spectrometry

Török, Szabina; Lábár, János L.; Schmeling, Martina; Grieken, R.E. Van

doi:10.1021/a1980020x

Cited by 30 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 241 publications

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“…[89,90] XRF scanning generates elemental distribution maps in order to identify specific regions that contain target elements, quantifying the concentration of the investigated elements. Synchrotron implementation of XRF has decreased the detection limits by many orders of magnitude when comparing to the conventional technique, in the order of 50-100 ng g −1 for many elements.…”

Section: Micro-and Nano-x-ray Fluorescence (Xrf)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Synchrotron implementation of XRF has decreased the detection limits by many orders of magnitude when comparing to the conventional technique, in the order of 50-100 ng g −1 for many elements. [89,90] XRF scanning generates elemental distribution maps in order to identify specific regions that contain target elements, quantifying the concentration of the investigated elements. The high sensitivity of nano-XRF has made it possible to detect and study trace components or impurities in a wide variety of materials.…”

Section: Micro-and Nano-x-ray Fluorescence (Xrf)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Imaging and Mapping Characterization Tools for Perovskite Solar Cells

Hidalgo

Castro‐Méndez

Correa‐Baena

2019

Advanced Energy Materials

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define the perovskite structure, decreases below 0.8 and orthorhombic, rhombohedral, or tetragonal structures tend to form. For large A-cations, layered 2D [3] and 1D [4] chain structures can be formed, e.g., Ruddlesden-Popper, Aurivillius, and Dion-Jacobson phases. Both 3D and 2D perovskites have gained the attention of the solar cell community.Lead halide perovskites are outstanding semiconductors with impressive optoelectronic properties, such as high absorption coefficient, tunable band gap, and long charge carrier lifetimes. Despite having such impressive properties, there is still a need for deeper understanding of the degradation mechanisms of the perovskite materials in order to make PSCs viable for outdoor applications and commercialization. [5,6] Currently, a major challenge facing perovskites is their long-term stability, due to their sensitivity to temperature, moisture, oxygen, and ultraviolet (UV) light. [6] Furthermore, chemical and electronic stability, compositional, and crystal homogeneity in the absorber layer of PSCs are parameters that allow us to understand and ensure the maximum PCE and long-term durability of the devices.Imaging and mapping characterization techniques allow researchers to obtain insights of the nano-and microscale features related to their chemical and electronic properties, which in turn limit PSC performance and long-term durability. This review will focus on the progress of the imaging and mapping techniques that have been used understanding and designing perovskite materials. This comprehensive review will span from basic morphology characterization methods, such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to advanced, synchrotron-based characterization using X-ray microscopy, such as X-ray fluorescence for compositional mapping, and X-ray beam induced current (XBIC) for electric performance mapping. Different imaging and mapping tools allow for correlations of different physical, chemical, optical and electrical features in space and time. These characterization techniques have helped explain phenomena that govern perovskite materials, including chemical and electrical properties and how they relate to solar cell performance. The following table summarizes the different imaging and mapping characterization techniques and their use for PSCs research.Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted much attention as efficiencies have gone beyond 24%. To achieve these impressive numbers, the PSC scientific community is working to improve the perovskite optoelectronic properties. Imaging and mapping characterization techniques have been widely used to understand the fundamental properties that allow lead halide perovskites to achieve high performance. In this review, these techniques are evaluated, from simple tools, such as electron microscopy, to more complex systems that include atomic force microscopy, synchrotron-based X-ray mapping, and ultrafast and photoluminescence mapping. These tools have helped understand lead halide perovskites and their impressive optoelectronic prope...

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Section: Micro-and Nano-x-ray Fluorescence (Xrf)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Micro-and Nano-x-ray Fluorescence (Xrf)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging and Mapping Characterization Tools for Perovskite Solar Cells

Hidalgo

Castro‐Méndez

Correa‐Baena

2019

Advanced Energy Materials

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“…This relation is normally expressed in terms of a so-called 'fundamental parameter' model used for quantifying the XRF results. 10,11 For excitation with monoenergetic photons, the relationship between the fluorescence intensity of a characteristic KC Determination of metals in radish using XRF 121 or L˛line and the concentration of an element present in the sample, is given by…”

Section: Theoretical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative determination of metals in radish using x‐ray fluorescence spectrometry

et al. 2002

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Using energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis with a Ti-filtered x-ray tube it was possible to determine the concentrations of several elements, such as K, Ca, Ti, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Br, Rb, Sr, Zr and Pb, at ppm levels in radish plants (root and foliage) cultivated in soils treated with concentrations of 10, 20 and 30 t ha −1 of organic compost from urban garbage. A significant increase was observed in the concentrations of K, Ca, Mn, Fe, Zn, Rb and Pb in radish plants cultivated in the treated soils in comparison with a control soil. The results suggest that radish plants can be used as bioindicator of contamination of agricultural soils.

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“…Exemplos clássicos disto são as aplicações industriais 1 , que freqüentemente requerem rápidas rotinas analíticas para controle de qualidade de seus produtos, assim como as análises exploratórias utilizadas em geologia 2,3 , arqueologia 4 , artes 4,5 , ciência dos materiais 6,7 e até análises in vivo 8,9 . Grande parte destas determinações são extremamente facilitadas por FRX, graças a um conjunto favorável de características 10 não usuais, dentre as quais destacam-se: a) capacidade para a realização de determinações multielementares simultâneas (tipicamente, de sódio até urânio), b) capacidade para análise qualitativa e quantitativa, c) operação com amostras sólidas e líquidas, d) apresentação de caráter não-destrutivo, e) insensibilidade à forma química em que as espécies de interesse se encontram.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Métodos matemáticos para correção de interferências espectrais e efeitos interelementos na análise quantitativa por fluorescência de raios-X

Nagata¹,

Bueno²,

Peralta‐Zamora³

2001

Quím. Nova

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Recebido em 5/4/00; aceito em 16/11/00 MATHEMATICAL METHODS TO CORRECT SPECTRAL INTERFERENCES AND INTERELEMENTAL EFFECTS IN X-RAY FLUORESCENCE QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS.One of the main problems in quantitative analysis of complex samples by x-ray fluorescence is related to interelemental (or matrix) effects. These effects appear as a result of interactions among sample elements, affecting the x-ray emission intensity in a non-linear manner. Basically, two main effects occur; intensity absorption and enhancement. The combination of these effects can lead to serious problems. Many studies have been carried out proposing mathematical methods to correct for these effects. Basic concepts and the main correction methods are discussed here.Keywords: x-ray fluorescence; interferences; correction methods. Quim. Nova, Vol. 24, No. 4, 531-539, 2001. Divulgação INTRODUÇÃONos últimos anos, o conhecimento tem adquirido grandes dimensões e a ciência tem se tornado uma atividade eminentemente multidisciplinar, fundamentada no trabalho conjunto de pesquisadores com elevado grau de especialização. Nestes grupos multidisciplinares, a química analítica tem ocupado um lugar de destaque, já que, dentro do contexto das ciências exatas, existe uma grande necessidade de contar com ferramentas analíticas para determinação quantitativa e qualitativa de espécies químicas contidas em ampla variedade de amostras. Desta forma, a química analítica tem contribuído para o estabelecimento de metodologias analíticas cada vez mais sensíveis, seletivas e confiáveis. Esta procura por novas alternativas tem propiciado o desenvolvimento de muitas técnicas analíticas instrumentais, grande parte das quais, além de representar um sólido avanço da própria área, tem sido fundamental para o desenvolvimento de muitos campos da ciência.Dentro do contexto das novas técnicas analíticas instrumentais, a espectrometria de Fluorescência de Raios-X (FRX) ocupa um lugar de destaque, principalmente para aquelas áreas em que a obtenção de rápido perfil de constituintes metálicos e não-metálicos é indispensável. Exemplos clássicos disto são as aplicações industriais 1 , que freqüentemente requerem rápidas rotinas analíticas para controle de qualidade de seus produtos, assim como as análises exploratórias utilizadas em geologia 2,3 , arqueologia 4 , artes 4,5 , ciência dos materiais 6,7 e até análises in vivo 8,9 . Grande parte destas determinações são extremamente facilitadas por FRX, graças a um conjunto favorável de características 10 não usuais, dentre as quais destacam-se: a) capacidade para a realização de determinações multielementares simultâneas (tipicamente, de sódio até urânio), b) capacidade para análise qualitativa e quantitativa, c) operação com amostras sólidas e líquidas, d) apresentação de caráter não-destrutivo, e) insensibilidade à forma química em que as espécies de interesse se encontram. ESPECTROMETRIA DE FLUORESCÊNCIA DE RAIOS-X (FRX) FundamentosA FRX pode ser classificada como uma técnica de emissão atômica, fundamentada no efeito fotoelétrico. Quando...

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X-ray Spectrometry

Cited by 30 publications

References 241 publications

Imaging and Mapping Characterization Tools for Perovskite Solar Cells

Imaging and Mapping Characterization Tools for Perovskite Solar Cells

Quantitative determination of metals in radish using x‐ray fluorescence spectrometry

Métodos matemáticos para correção de interferências espectrais e efeitos interelementos na análise quantitativa por fluorescência de raios-X

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