X-ray spectromicroscopy of immiscible polymer blends: polystyrene–poly(methyl methacrylate)

Morin, Cynthia; Ikeura-Sekiguchi, Hiromi; Tyliszczak, Tolek; Cornelius, Rena M.; Brash, John L.; Hitchcock, Adam P.; Schöll, A.; Nolting, F.; Appel, G.; Winesett, D. A.; Kaznacheyev, K.; Ade, Harald

doi:10.1016/s0368-2048(01)00335-8

Cited by 67 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 28 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In the present ∼40 nm thick PS/PMMA blend sample the domains extend completely through the film. However, in the 100-150 nm thick samples used earlier, [12] there were many areas where PS and PMMA domains overlapped in a given column. Overall, although the sensitivity is lower, we believe the advantage of being able to examine wet samples will eventually make the STXM technique more useful for biomaterials investigations.…”

Section: Biomaterials-stxm Versus X-peem To Study Protein Adsorption mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, with our preparation procedure we consistently observe surfaces enriched in PS and films in which the PS domains form the continuous phase far above the composition at which PMMA would be expected to form the continuous phase. A variety of speculations have been made about the origin of this behaviour [12] but a definitive model for the driving force for the formation of the surface patterned structures and morphologies we observe does not exist at this time. Spin casting from a PMMA-rich (30% PS, 70% PMMA) dilute toluene solution (1% w/w polymer) of high molecular weight polymers (1.1 MDa PMMA, 312 kDa PS), followed by annealing at 160 • C for 8 h, provides a flat surface (5-10 nm corrugation) with micrometre-scale discrete domains of PMMA in a continuous PS matrix that is well suited to the requirements of the X-PEEM experiment.…”

Section: Biomaterials-stxm Versus X-peem To Study Protein Adsorption mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The morphology and surface chemistry of the PS/PMMA substrate has been investigated extensively by STXM, X-PEEM, and AFM. [12] There are many factors that control the morphology produced from any given thin film preparation and annealing protocol, and these are discussed in depth in ref. [12].…”

Section: Biomaterials-stxm Versus X-peem To Study Protein Adsorption mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[12] There are many factors that control the morphology produced from any given thin film preparation and annealing protocol, and these are discussed in depth in ref. [12]. Simplistically one expects complete phase separation without any preferential surface segregation since PS and PMMA are fully immiscible, and the interfacial and difference in surface tensions are similar.…”

Section: Biomaterials-stxm Versus X-peem To Study Protein Adsorption mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ade et al have investigated the microstructure of poly(carbonate)/poly(acrylonitrile/ butadiene/styrene) blends. [9] Several groups have used STXM and PEEM to compare bulk versus surface morphologies of blends of polystyrene (PS) and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) of different molecular weights and compositions [10][11][12][13] and of PS/PMMA systems with methyl methacrylate/polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane copolymer [14] or inorganic WS 2 nanotube [15] additives. Rightor et al [16] have used STXM to show conclusively that the 'macro-phase' segregated regions in high-water polyurethanes are polyurea.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Chemical Mapping of Polymer Microstructure Using Soft X‐Ray Spectromicroscopy

et al. 2005

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Recently, synchrotron-based soft X-ray spectromicroscopy techniques have been applied to studies of polymer microstructure at the ∼50 nm spatial scale. Functional group based chemical speciation and quantitative mapping is provided by near edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectral (NEXAFS) contrast. The techniques, sample data, and analysis methods of scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM) and X-ray photoemission electron microscopy (X-PEEM) are outlined. The capabilities of STXM are illustrated by results from recent studies of (a) controlled release microcapsules and microspheres, (b) microcapsules being developed for gene therapy applications, (c) conducting polymer films studied in the presence of electrolyte and under potential control, and (d) studies of protein interactions with patterned polymer surfaces. In the latter area, the capabilities of STXM and X-PEEM are compared directly.

show abstract

Section: Biomaterials-stxm Versus X-peem To Study Protein Adsorption mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Biomaterials-stxm Versus X-peem To Study Protein Adsorption mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Biomaterials-stxm Versus X-peem To Study Protein Adsorption mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Biomaterials-stxm Versus X-peem To Study Protein Adsorption mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Chemical Mapping of Polymer Microstructure Using Soft X‐Ray Spectromicroscopy

et al. 2005

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

X‐ray Microscopy

Ade

2002

Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Technology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

During the last few years near edge x‐ray absorption fine structure (nexafs) spectroscopy/microscopy has evolved into a useful characterization tool for polymer science, providing quantitative compositional mapping with minimal radiation damage at a spatial resolution of presently about 40 nm. This article reviews the spectroscopic principles of nexafs, discusses some polymer nexafs reference spectra to illustrate the underlying utility of nexafs spectroscopy to nexafs microscopy, and provides an overview of the state‐of‐the‐art of x‐ray microscopy instrumentation. Applications of nexafs microscopy are wide ranging and include mapping the composition of polymer thin films and their surfaces, as well as the composition of ultrathin sections of bulk materials ranging from polymer blends to multilayers. To date, nexafs microscopy is still a specialized technique that requires powerful synchrotron radiation sources, similar to established polymer science tools such as neutron and x‐ray small‐angle scattering and reflectivity.

show abstract

Enhancement of the hydrophobicity of recycled polystyrene films using a spin coating unit

Patiño‐Herrera

Catarino-Centeno

González‐Alatorre³

et al. 2017

J of Applied Polymer Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This article describes a technique for recycling polystyrene cups (PSr) mixed with poly(butyl methacrylate) (PBMA) to produce PSr/PBMA films and subsequently PSr films by removing PBMA with a selective solvent (acetic acid), with the benefit of a reduction in environmental pollution generated by polystyrene waste. Removal of PBMA increases roughness, which generates a significant increase ( ∼34°) in the water contact angle, reaching its highest value at 128°. By increasing the hydrophobicity of surfaces, properties with important technical applications are acquired such as those used in antifouling paints, stain‐resistant surfaces, and surfaces that avoid the formation and accretion of ice on microelectronic devices. Roughness of PSr/PBMA films is significantly affected by the concentration of both polymers and by the spin rate, reaching its highest value at 2% PSr and 3% PBMA at 2000 normalrnormalpnormalm. For optimal film deposition, a cheap spin coating unit was designed and built, with a price less than 4% of that of a commercially available spin coating unit. Lastly, it was found that the data obtained with our spin coating unit is described by the Meyerhofer model with accuracy of 88% ± 3%. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45365.

show abstract

X-ray spectromicroscopy of immiscible polymer blends: polystyrene–poly(methyl methacrylate)

Cited by 67 publications

References 28 publications

Chemical Mapping of Polymer Microstructure Using Soft X‐Ray Spectromicroscopy

Chemical Mapping of Polymer Microstructure Using Soft X‐Ray Spectromicroscopy

X‐ray Microscopy

Enhancement of the hydrophobicity of recycled polystyrene films using a spin coating unit

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About