Xanthan Gum Biopolymer as Soil-Stabilization Binder for Road Construction Using Local Soil in Sri Lanka

Lee, Sojeong; Chung, Moonkyung; Park, Hee Mun; Song, Ki-Il; Chang, Ilhan

doi:10.1061/(asce)mt.1943-5533.0002909

Cited by 89 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…As previously mentioned, the increase in the mechanical properties over time is related to dehydration of the hydrogels associated with the formation of a soil-xanthan gum matrix, which promotes the aggregation of soil particles [17,34]. Besides the positive effect on the stiffness, compressive and shear strength when using xanthan gum to stabilize soils, the results of direct tensile strength tests [41] and splitting tensile strength tests [40] carried out with air-dried specimens of two sandy soils show an increase in the tensile strength with the increase in the xanthan gum content (from 1.5 to 3%) and with the curing time (up to 30 days).…”

Section: Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies have shown that xanthan gum can be used successfully to improve the unconfined compressive strength and stiffness of sands [17,[31][32][33], silty sands [34], clays [17,35], residual soils [36], bentonite, kaolinite [17,25,37], and soft marine clays [24], as well the undrained shear strength of mine tailing material [38]. Additionally, experimental results revealed that the most favourable xanthan gum content for soil stabilization is in the range of 1-1.5% for ambient curing and oven curing [39] and 2.5% for curing in submerged conditions [35].…”

Section: Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Review on the Importance of Microbial Biopolymers Such as Xanthan Gum to Improve Soil Properties

et al. 2020

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Chemical stabilization of soils is one of the most used techniques to improve the properties of weak soils in order to allow their use in geotechnical works. Although several binders can be used for this purpose, Portland cement is still the most used binder (alone or combined with others) to stabilize soils. However, the use of Portland cement is associated with many environmental problems, so microbiological-based approaches have been explored to replace conventional methods of soil stabilization as sustainable alternatives. Thus, the use of biopolymers, produced by microorganisms, has emerged as a technical alternative for soil improvement, mainly due to soil pore-filling, which is called the bioclogging method. Many studies have been carried out in the last few years to investigate the suitability and efficiency of the soil–biopolymer interaction and consequent properties relevant to geotechnical engineering. This paper reviews some of the recent applications of the xanthan gum biopolymer to evaluate its viability and potential to improve soil properties. In fact, recent results have shown that the use of xanthan gum in soil treatment induces the partial filling of the soil voids and the generation of additional links between the soil particles, which decreases the permeability coefficient and increases the mechanical properties of the soil. Moreover, the biopolymer’s economic viability was also analyzed in comparison to cement, and studies have demonstrated that xanthan gum has a strong potential, both from a technical and economical point of view, to be applied as a soil treatment.

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Section: Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on the Importance of Microbial Biopolymers Such as Xanthan Gum to Improve Soil Properties

et al. 2020

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“…Biopolymers contain side chains (e.g., trisaccharide) that can interact with charged clay particles, counterions, and pore water through hydrogen bonding (Chenu and Guérif 1991;). Thus, biopolymers have been reported as effective and ecofriendly soil modification materials owing to their ability to clog pore spaces (Khachatoorian et al 2003;Bouazza et al 2009;Chang et al 2016a;Lee et al 2019;Zhou et al 2020) and enhance interparticle bonding between soil particles (Malik and Letey 1991;Kwon et al 2017;Latifi et al 2017;Chang et al 2020;Soldo et al 2020;Sujatha et al 2020). Moreover, biopolymers have been shown to form viscous hydrogels and interact with the charged surfaces of clays (Chang et al 2015(Chang et al , 2020.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Pore–Fluid Chemistry on the Undrained Shear Strength of Xanthan Gum Biopolymer-Treated Clays

Chang

Kwon

Cho

2021

J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng.

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Xanthan gum (XG) biopolymer-based soil treatment is an effective soil improvement method. In this study, we explored the effect of XG on the undrained shear strength of clays (kaolinite and montmorillonite) in chemically distinct pore fluids. Among the pore fluids tested, the undrained shear strength of kaolinite was the highest in kerosene, followed by deionized (DI) water and brine. This study hypothesized that the interparticle forces and interactions dominated the undrained shear strength of the kaolinite clay. In contrast, montmorillonite showed the highest undrained shear strength with DI water, followed by brine and kerosene, likely due to the increase in thickness of the viscous double layer that reduced the undrained strength of the montmorillonite clay. XG also affected the undrained shear strength of the clays, possibly due to the increase in viscosity of the pore fluids and modification of the clay interparticle fabrics. In DI water, XG increased the undrained shear strength of kaolinite (maximum shear strength was observed in the sample with an XG-to-soil mass ratio of 0.5%) via water absorption. Simultaneously, XG decreased the undrained shear strength of montmorillonite, likely due to XG-induced particle aggregation resulting from the changes in the montmorillonite particle surface charges. In 2-M-NaCl brine, the undrained shear strength increased with the increase in XG content, regardless of the mineral types, owing to the salt-induced double-layer compression and increase in concurrent XG-induced pore-fluid viscosity. However, the unaffected and constant undrained shear strength of both clays in nonpolar kerosene suggests that hydrating XG is a prerequisite for its application in soil treatment.

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“…Biopolymer content [130][131][132][133] Dehydration time [120][121][122] Moisture content [130] Initial moisture content [131] Fatigue loading [131] Direct Shear Biopolymer content [119,132,133] compaction Biopolymer content [131][132][133] Consistency limits Biopolymer content [131,132,134] Fracture properties Drying and fracture energy [135] Flexible wall permeameter Gas permeability [136] Vane shear test Biopolymer content [134] Consolidation test Biopolymer content [133,137] Sand-clay mixture Unconfined compressive strength Biopolymer content [138,139] Dehydration time [138] Direct Shear shear strength [130] Consistency limits Biopolymer content [138,140] compaction Biopolymer content [138,140] Permeability Hydraulic Conductivity [136,138,139]…”

Section: Biopolymer-clay Interactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biopolymers as Green Binders for Soil Improvement in Geotechnical Applications: A Review

et al. 2021

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Soil improvement using biopolymers has attracted considerable attention in recent years, with the aim to reduce the harmful environmental effects of traditional materials, such as cement. This paper aims to provide a review on the environmental assessment of using biopolymers as binders in soil improvement, biopolymer-treated soil characteristics, as well as the most important factors affecting the behavior of the treated soil. In more detail, environmental benefits and concerns about the use of biopolymers in soil improvement as well as biopolymer–soil interaction are discussed. Various geotechnical properties are evaluated and compared, including the unconfined compressive strength, shear strength, erosion resistance, physical properties, and durability of biopolymer-treated soils. The influential factors and soil and environmental conditions affecting various geotechnical characteristics of biopolymer-treated soils are also discussed. These factors include biopolymer concentration in the biopolymer–soil mixture, moisture condition, temperature, and dehydration time. Potential opportunities for biopolymers in geotechnical engineering and the challenges are also presented.

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Xanthan Gum Biopolymer as Soil-Stabilization Binder for Road Construction Using Local Soil in Sri Lanka

Cited by 89 publications

References 56 publications

A Review on the Importance of Microbial Biopolymers Such as Xanthan Gum to Improve Soil Properties

A Review on the Importance of Microbial Biopolymers Such as Xanthan Gum to Improve Soil Properties

Effect of Pore–Fluid Chemistry on the Undrained Shear Strength of Xanthan Gum Biopolymer-Treated Clays

Biopolymers as Green Binders for Soil Improvement in Geotechnical Applications: A Review

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