Xanthate-modified nanoTiO₂ as a novel vulcanization accelerator enhancing mechanical and antibacterial properties of natural rubber

Abstract

With the emerging of sustainability, the fabrication of effective and eco-friendly agents for rubber industry has attracted extensive attention. In this study, a novel and nontoxic titanium dioxide-based vulcanization accelerator (xanthate-modified nanotitanium dioxide (TDSX)) with excellent antibacterial performance, for the first time, was synthesized under the catalyst of ceric ammonium nitrate. Notably, the thermal stability of xanthate was greatly enhanced after being grafted on titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles, in which the activation energy was increased from 6.4 to 92.5 kJ/mol, enabling the obtained TDSX with multiple functions, mainly consisting of fabulous vulcanization-promoting effects, reinforcing effects, antibacterial properties, and anti-ultraviolet aging effects for natural rubber (NR). Simultaneously, the TDSX can be effectively and uniformly dispersed in the rubber matrix along with the developed interface interaction between TDSX particles and rubber matrix. Compared to the traditional accelerators 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (M) system, the tensile strength and the tearing strength of NR/TDSX was improved by 26.3 and 40.4%, respectively. Potentially, our work for preparing green vulcanization accelerator can provide a new design strategy for multifunctional high performance elastomer materials.

Effect of Free Formaldehyde on Chemical Structure and Thermal Properties of Nano-Titanium Dioxide Resin

“…Liu Y. prepared a photocatalytic coating with TiO 2 , which could degrade 69% of formaldehyde under UV lamp irradiation for 30 min [ 4 ]. Some studies have proved that the photocatalytic degradation efficiency of TiO 2 photocatalytic coatings is closely related to the amount of nano-TiO 2 in them.…”

Highly Strong and Damage-Resistant Natural Rubber Membrane via Self-Assembly and Construction of Double Network

“…The maximum torque value increased with the percentage of PAE, in which the maximum torque value was achieved at 4.8 phr, displaying a similar result to that for mechanical properties ( Figure 4 a). Since the torque value, to a certain extent, reflects the degree of crosslinking of the material [ 54 ], the development in the torque value increases the degree of crosslinking [ 55 ], which is likely to be related to the addition of PAE content. Subsequently, the crosslinking density, an indirect parameter of mechanical properties, was measured for the vulcanized and crosslinked membranes [ 56 ].…”

Toward Mechanically Robust Crosslinked Elastomers through Phase Transfer Agent Tuning the Solubility of Zn2+ in the Organic Phase

“…To highlight the importance of phase transfer agent to properties of crosslinked elastomers, we compare tensile strength, tear strength, and elongation at break among this work and the elastomers with different accelerators in Figure 4 c,d. The data of elastomers with different accelerators are from the previous works, containing N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide (CZ) [ 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 ], diphenyl guanidine (D) [ 49 , 50 ], dibenzothiazyl disulfide (DM) [ 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 ], 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (M) [ 2 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 ], N-tert-butylbenzothiazole-2-sulphenamide (NS) [ 30 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 ], and tetra methyl thiuram disulfide (TMTD) [ 30...…”