Xanthinuria in a family of Cavalier king Charles Spaniels

Zuilen, C.D. van; Nickel, Rafael; Dijk, Theo H. van; Reijngoud, Dirk-Jan

doi:10.1080/01652176.1997.9694766

Cited by 29 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Xanthinuria in dogs (Online Mendelian Inheritance in Animals 001283-9615) has been reported in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels (Van Zullian 1997; Gow 2011) and Dachshunds (Kucera 1997; Flegel 1998). Acquired xanthinuria is also seen in dogs treated with allopurinol, which inhibits the action of the enzyme XDH , and thereby leads to urolithiasis (Ling 1991; Osborne 2010; Torres 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hereditary xanthinuria and urolithiasis in a domestic shorthair cat

Furman¹,

Hooijberg²,

Leidinger³

et al. 2015

Comp Clin Pathol

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A 2-year-old domestic shorthair cat was presented with a history of hematuria, stranguria and intermittent urethral obstruction. Urine sediment showed hematuria, pyuria, and yellow-brown, amorphous and spherical crystals. Upon surgical correction of the obstructed urethra by perineal urethrostomy, many dark yellow to grey, irregular, gravel-like to millet grain-sized uroliths, consisting of 100% xanthine by crystallography were found. The urinary xanthine concentration was high. The cat subsequently developed bilateral nephroliths, recurrent urinary tract infection, and chronic kidney failure. Dietary management with a low-purine diet failed in part due to poor compliance, and the cat was euthanized at 6 years of age. Xanthinuria is rare inborn error of metabolism in cats and other species but should be considered as a differential diagnosis in cases of feline urolithiasis. No associated molecular genetic defect has been elucidated, and management of these cases is difficult. In the absence of calculi for analysis, measuring urinary xanthine concentration can help in diagnosing this metabolic defect.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hereditary xanthinuria and urolithiasis in a domestic shorthair cat

Furman¹,

Hooijberg²,

Leidinger³

et al. 2015

Comp Clin Pathol

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“…Development of chronic kidney disease associated with calcium oxalate urolithiasis has previously been described in cats at a mean age of 6·8 years (Aronson and others 2006). Chronic kidney disease was also seen in a seven-month-old dog with xanthinuria (van Zuilen and others 1997) and in a four-year-old dachshund with bilateral xanthine nephrolithiasis, which was affected by end-stage chronic kidney disease (Kucera and others 1997). Possible explanations include direct damage to the kidney by the nephroliths, tubular obstruction with crystals and possibly tubular epithelial cell damage, interstitial oedema and inflammation (Simmonds 2003).…”

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confidence: 99%

Xanthinuria in a domestic shorthair cat

et al. 2009

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| the VETERINARY RECORD SHORT COMMUNICATIONS catheter connected to a closed urine collection system. Routine blood work, including a complete blood count and serum chemistry profile, was unremarkable. Urinalysis revealed crystals suspected to be xanthine, and an inactive sediment. Plasma and 24-hour urine samples were submitted for xanthine and hypoxanthine measurements using HPLC and UV detection (Agilent 1000 series; Agilent Technologies), and 24-hour urine was submitted for uric acid measurements using a commercial enzymatic test (Roche Diagnostics) in an automatic analyser (Roche/ Hitachi Modular P800).Twenty-four-hour urine collection was subsequently performed in three unrelated male cats (control cats) that were presented for obstructive FLUTD not associated with crystalluria. The affected cat and the three controls were fed a regular adult moist maintenance diet before presentation and a diet for urinary tract disease (Feline Urinary Moist food; Royal Canin) during the time of sample collection. The plasma and urine xanthine and hypoxanthine levels were markedly higher, and urine uric acid levels were markedly lower, in the case than in the control cats ( Table 1). The urine xanthine:creatinine and hypoxanthine:creatinine ratios were higher, and the urine uric acid:creatinine ratio was lower, than in the three control cats (Table 1). These results are consistent with a lack of conversion of xanthine to uric acid, as would occur with a deficiency in xanthine oxidase, leading to xanthinuria.A perineal urethrostomy was performed and the cat made an uneventful recovery from the surgical procedure. It was treated with 0·01 mg/kg buprenorphine (Temegesic; Essex Chemie) intravenously every six hours for four days, 2·5 mg phenoxybenzamine (Phenoxybenzamin; Streuli) orally every 12 hours for three days, and 10 mg/kg amoxicillin and 2·5 mg/kg clavulanic acid (Clavaseptin; Vétoquinol) orally every 12 hours for 14 days.Five days after surgery, the cat was urinating without difficulty and was discharged from hospital in good general condition. A physical examin ation 11 months after surgery was unremarkable, and the cat continued to urinate without difficulty. It was still fed with regular commercial feline moist foods due to poor compliance with purine-restricted diets. A complete blood count was unremarkable and serum chemistry revealed mild azotaemia (urea 16·8 mmol/l, reference range 6·7 to 12·5 mmol/l; creatinine 185 µmol/l, reference range 53 to 141 µmol/l). Urinalysis revealed a specific gravity of 1·027, and an inactive sediment with very large numbers of yellow-brown spheroid crystals of varying size, resembling ammonium urates or amorphous urates (Fig 1). Urine bacterial culture revealed no growth. An abdominal ultrasound examination revealed small kidneys with mildly hypoechogenic cortices and suspected renal pelvic urolithiasis. Blood and urine spot samples were again analysed for purine concentrations. Xanthine and hypoxanthine were again markedly higher, and urine uric acid was again markedly lower, than...

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“…Pedigree analysis in that herd indicated, as in humans, that bovine xanthinuria is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait by which affected cattle lose XDH [14]. Similarly, in a family analysis of Cavalier King Charles spaniels with xanthinuria, the disorder has been demonstrated to be inherited in an autosomal recessive mode [13].…”

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confidence: 99%

“…It is usually associated with the administration of allopurinol as part of the medical management for urate urolithiasis [6]. Naturally occurring xanthinuria has been reported only rarely in dogs, including a family of Cavalier King Charles [13] and Dachshunds [1,3], and in cats [9,12,15].…”

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confidence: 99%

Xanthine Nephrolithiasis in a Galician Blond Beef Calf

Miranda

Rigueira

Suárez

et al. 2010

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. A six-month-old female Galician Blond beef calf presented signs of apathy, anorexia and weight loss. The analysis of a blood sample confirmed renal failure. Bilateral nephrolithiasis was diagnosed at necropsy. Quantitative analysis revealed the nephroliths to be composed of 100 per cent xanthine. In cattle, xanthinuria has only been described in the Japanese Black breed, but never before in other breeds. Clinical history suggested a naturally occurring xanthinuria.

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Xanthinuria in a family of Cavalier king Charles Spaniels

Cited by 29 publications

References 7 publications

Hereditary xanthinuria and urolithiasis in a domestic shorthair cat

Hereditary xanthinuria and urolithiasis in a domestic shorthair cat

Xanthinuria in a domestic shorthair cat

Xanthine Nephrolithiasis in a Galician Blond Beef Calf

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