2019
DOI: 10.3390/toxins11060313
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Xanthium strumarium Fruit Extract Inhibits ATG4B and Diminishes the Proliferation and Metastatic Characteristics of Colorectal Cancer Cells

Abstract: Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved pathway to degrade damaged proteins and organelles for subsequent recycling in cells during times of nutrient deprivation. This process plays an important role in tumor development and progression, allowing cancer cells to survive in nutrient-poor environments. The plant kingdom provides a powerful source for new drug development to treat cancer. Several plant extracts induce autophagy in cancer cells. However, little is known about the role of plant extracts in autopha… Show more

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Cited by 28 publications
(32 citation statements)
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“…On the other hand, silencing ATG4B significantly attenuated growth, migration, and invasion of oral cancer cells, suggesting ATG4B as a potential target for oral cancer therapy. In addition, various high-throughput screening methods have identified several ATG4B inhibitors, including the clinical drug tioconazole, the Xanthium strumarium fruit extract, and the small molecule S130 [9,13,14]. These ATG4B inhibitors can suppress colorectal cancer cell growth and synergize the killing effect of cancer cells with autophagy-induction.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…On the other hand, silencing ATG4B significantly attenuated growth, migration, and invasion of oral cancer cells, suggesting ATG4B as a potential target for oral cancer therapy. In addition, various high-throughput screening methods have identified several ATG4B inhibitors, including the clinical drug tioconazole, the Xanthium strumarium fruit extract, and the small molecule S130 [9,13,14]. These ATG4B inhibitors can suppress colorectal cancer cell growth and synergize the killing effect of cancer cells with autophagy-induction.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Afterward, the inserts were removed to allow cells to migrate for 4 h. The distance covered by moving cells from time 0 to 4 h was counted as migration distance. We used 8 µm pore inserts (Greiner Bio-One, Stroud, UK) to determine the invasion capability of cancer cells as described before [14]. Briefly, Transwell chambers were coated with 0.5% Matrigel, and silenced cells were seeded in them in 300 µL of Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM) containing 1% Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS).…”
Section: Analysis Of Cell Viability Migration and Invasionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…It is interesting to note that ATG4B inhibitors were identified in natural product sources as well, such as Xanthium strumarium food extract, though the compound has not yet been purified [122].…”
Section: Atg4b Inhibitorsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Treatment for AML is currently focused on the use of cytotoxic or cytostatic drugs that theoretically target cancer cells rather than healthy body cells. Medicinal plants have historically proven their value as a source of molecules with therapeutic potential, and nowadays represent an important pool for the identification of novel drugs [16], to decrease proliferation and metastasis of cancer, when the plant extract is used either alone [17], or in combination with known chemotherapeutic drugs [18,19].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%