Xanthogranulomatous cystitis mimicking bladder tumor: A case report

Abstract

Xanthogranulomatous inflammation, as a type of chronic granulomatous inflammation, typically occurs in the gall bladder and kidneys. In this paper, we present a 56-year-old man with Xanthogranulomatous cystitis mimicking bladder malignancy. He was referred to our clinic with the chief complaint of a one-year history of urgency and frequency. CT scan showed a solid lesion in the bladder. The patient underwent complete transurethral resection of the bladder tumor. Microscopic histopathology revealed xanthogranulomatous cystitis. The patient received a course of antibiotic therapy. Follow-up Cystourethroscopy showed normal bladder.

A Rare Case of Xanthogranulomatous Cystitis Mimicking Bladder Malignancy in Nigeria: A Case Report and Review of Literature

“…XC may mimic bladder malignancy clinically and on imaging [ 4 , 6 , 14 ]. Although XC may mimic a malignant bladder lesion, it may also be associated with such malignant tumors [ 15 ].…”

“…Although XC may mimic a malignant bladder lesion, it may also be associated with such malignant tumors [ 15 ]. The most frequent presenting symptoms are lower abdominal pain with a palpable mass, frequency, dysuria, and hematuria [ 4 , 11 , 13 ]. XC has no specific presenting symptoms, with a similar presentation as for bladder malignancy, constituting a clinical diagnostic challenge; furthermore, the possible presentation as a bladder mass may pose a challenge in radiological diagnosis, with strong consideration for bladder malignancy [ 1 , 6 ].…”

“…Medical treatment with broad-spectrum antibiotics has often been added following the histopathologic diagnosis of XC [ 3 , 4 , 14 ]. The index patient initially had a transurethral resection, followed by an open resection with a course of antibiotics for four weeks.…”

“…Xanthogranulomatous cystitis (XC) is an extremely rare, benign disease of the urinary bladder of unclear etiology [1][2][3]. Although xanthogranulomatous inflammatory changes occur commonly in other sites, such as kidneys, gall bladder, salivary glands, ovaries, endometrium, pancreas, brain, colon, and appendix, there are very few reported cases in the urinary bladder [2,4]. In the urinary tract, xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis is commonly encountered; however, involvement of the ureters, bladder, and urethra by xanthogranulomatous inflammation is an extreme rarity [5].…”

Imaging and Clinical Findings of Xanthogranulomatous Inflammatory Disease of Various Abdominal and Pelvic Organs: A Pictorial Essay

“…XG cystitis is a rare, benign, chronic inflammatory disease; to date, 30 cases have been reported in the literature (in English) ( 36 ). However, a majority of the reported cases were associated with urachal cysts or remnants, and the location of XG cystitis in these cases was at the dome of the bladder ( Fig.…”