Xanthomonas diversity, virulence and plant–pathogen interactions

Timilsina, Sujan; Potnis, Neha; Newberry, E. A.; Liyanapathiranage, Prabha; Iruegas-Bocardo, Fernanda; White, Frank F.; Goss, Erica M.; Jones, Jeffrey B.

doi:10.1038/s41579-020-0361-8

Cited by 241 publications

(234 citation statements)

References 167 publications

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“…Virulence factors are mainly type III secretion systems (T3SS) and the effectors secreted by these systems. In addition, other pathogenicity factors have been involved, directly or indirectly, in the virulence, such as PCWDEs, type IV secreted effectors, adhesins, and lipopolysaccharides [ 82 ]. It has been clearly demonstrated that Xcc recruits DSF to synchronize virulence gene expression.…”

Section: Diffusible Signal Factor-mediated Quorum Sensinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quorum Sensing Regulation in Phytopathogenic Bacteria

2021

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Quorum sensing is a type of chemical communication by which bacterial populations control expression of their genes in a coordinated manner. This regulatory mechanism is commonly used by pathogens to control the expression of genes encoding virulence factors and that of genes involved in the bacterial adaptation to variations in environmental conditions. In phytopathogenic bacteria, several mechanisms of quorum sensing have been characterized. In this review, we describe the different quorum sensing systems present in phytopathogenic bacteria, such as those using the signal molecules named N-acyl-homoserine lactone (AHL), diffusible signal factor (DSF), and the unknown signal molecule of the virulence factor modulating (VFM) system. We focus on studies performed on phytopathogenic bacteria of major importance, including Pseudomonas, Ralstonia, Agrobacterium, Xanthomonas, Erwinia, Xylella,Dickeya, and Pectobacterium spp. For each system, we present the mechanism of regulation, the functions targeted by the quorum sensing system, and the mechanisms by which quorum sensing is regulated.

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Section: Diffusible Signal Factor-mediated Quorum Sensinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quorum Sensing Regulation in Phytopathogenic Bacteria

2021

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“…The RSSC has a vastly expanded type III effector repertoire compared to other well-studied plant pathogenic bacteria, with over 100 T3E families identified thus far [13]. In contrast, 70 and 53 orthologous effector families are reported in Pseudomonas syringae and Xanthomonas spp., respectively [14, 15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host adaptation and microbial competition drive Ralstonia solanacearum phylotype I evolution in the Republic of Korea

et al. 2020

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Bacterial wilt caused by the Ralstonia solanacearum species complex (RSSC) threatens the cultivation of important crops worldwide. We sequenced 30 RSSC phylotype I ( R. pseudosolanacearum ) strains isolated from pepper (Capsicum annuum) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) across the Republic of Korea. These isolates span the diversity of phylotype I, have extensive effector repertoires and are subject to frequent recombination. Recombination hotspots among South Korean phylotype I isolates include multiple predicted contact-dependent inhibition loci, suggesting that microbial competition plays a significant role in Ralstonia evolution. Rapid diversification of secreted effectors presents challenges for the development of disease-resistant plant varieties. We identified potential targets for disease resistance breeding by testing for allele-specific host recognition of T3Es present among South Korean phyloype I isolates. The integration of pathogen population genomics and molecular plant pathology contributes to the development of location-specific disease control and development of plant cultivars with durable resistance to relevant threats.

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“…Black rot is a destructive disease associated with the cabbage family and has been reported in over 90 countries across the five continents (Vicente and Holub, 2013). Due to its importance in agriculture and deep understanding of virulence and plant‐pathogen interactions (Büttner and Bonas, 2010; Zhou et al ., 2017; Timilsina et al ., 2020), Xcc is one of the top 10 plant pathogenic bacteria in molecular plant pathology (Mansfield et al ., 2012) and is also a powerful model for research toward solutions in disease control (Timilsina et al ., 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The phytopathogen Xanthomonas campestris utilizes the divergently transcribed pobA/pobR locus for 4‐hydroxybenzoic acid recognition and degradation to promote virulence

Chen

Zhou

et al. 2020

Molecular Microbiology

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Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) is the causal agent of black rot in crucifers. Our previous findings revealed that Xcc can degrade 4‐hydroxybenzoic acid (4‐HBA) via the β‐ketoadipate pathway. This present study expands on this knowledge in several ways. First, we show that infective Xcc cells induce in situ biosynthesis of 4‐HBA in host plants, and Xcc can efficiently degrade 4‐HBA via the pobA/pobR locus, which encodes a 4‐hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase and an AraC‐family transcription factor respectively. Next, the transcription of pobA is specifically induced by 4‐HBA and is positively regulated by PobR, which is constitutively expressed in Xcc. 4‐HBA directly binds to PobR dimers, resulting in activation of pobA expression. Point mutation and subsequent isothermal titration calorimetry and size exclusion chromatography analysis identified nine key conserved residues required for 4‐HBA binding and/or dimerization of PobR. Furthermore, overlapping promoters harboring fully overlapping −35 elements were identified between the divergently transcribed pobA and pobR. The 4‐HBA/PobR dimer complex specifically binds to a 25‐bp site, which encompasses the −35 elements shared by the overlapping promoters. Finally, GUS histochemical staining and subsequent quantitative assay showed that both pobA and pobR genes are transcribed during Xcc infection of Chinese radish, and the strain ΔpobR exhibited compromised virulence in Chinese radish. These findings suggest that the ability of Xcc to survive the 4‐HBA stress might be important for its successful colonization of host plants.

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Xanthomonas diversity, virulence and plant–pathogen interactions

Cited by 241 publications

References 167 publications

Quorum Sensing Regulation in Phytopathogenic Bacteria

Quorum Sensing Regulation in Phytopathogenic Bacteria

Host adaptation and microbial competition drive Ralstonia solanacearum phylotype I evolution in the Republic of Korea

The phytopathogen Xanthomonas campestris utilizes the divergently transcribed pobA/pobR locus for 4‐hydroxybenzoic acid recognition and degradation to promote virulence

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