Xenon Improves Neurologic Outcome and Reduces Secondary Injury Following Trauma in an In Vivo Model of Traumatic Brain Injury*

Abstract

Objectives-To determine the neuroprotective efficacy of the inert gas xenon following traumatic brain injury, and to determine whether application of xenon has a clinically relevant therapeutic time window.Design-Controlled animal study. Setting-University research laboratory. Subjects-Male C57BL/6N mice (n=196)Interventions-75% xenon, 50% xenon or 30% xenon, with 25% oxygen (balance nitrogen) treatment following mechanical brain lesion by controlled cortical impact.Measurements & Main Results-Outcome following trauma was measured using: 1) functional neurological outcome score, 2) histological measurement of contusion volume, 3) analysis of locomotor function and gait. Our study shows that xenon-treatment improves outcome following traumatic brain injury. Neurological outcome scores were significantly (p<0.05) better

The Neuroprotective Effects of Xenon on Neonatal Rats with White Matter Damage by Regulating Expression of microRNA-210 and HIF-1αThe Neuroprotective Effects of Xenon on Neonatal Rats with White Matter Damage by Regulating Expression of microRNA-210 and HIF-1α

“…In accordance with previous reports, we opted to use a 3-hour xenon treatment interval. [21,40] The present results indicate that xenon has the greatest neuroprotective effect in the range of 37.5-50 vol%, which is consistent with previous studies that 50% xenon can provide su cient neuroprotective effect . [41][42][43] On the contrary, others have shown that xenon at 75% volume concentration has the greatest neuroprotective effect and does not affect oxygenation [41].…”

Impact of Xenon on CLIC4 and Bcl-2 Expression in Lipopolysaccharide and Hypoxia-Ischemia-Induced Periventricular White Matter Damage

“…In this study, we investigated the acute neuroprotective outcomes of Xe in an in vivo model of premature brain injury. In accordance with previous reports, we opted to use a 3-h Xe treatment interval [14, 23]. Ma et al [3] previously demonstrated that Xe upregulated the prosurvival proteins Bcl-2 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) to ameliorate brain injury in asphyxiated rats.…”

Will Xenon Be a Valuable Addition in Perioperative and Critical Care Settings?

“…Neurologic injuries that invoke these mechanisms include ischemic-reperfusion injury after successful resuscitation from cardiac arrest ("postcardiac arrest syndrome" 15 ), stroke, traumatic brain injury, and neonatal asphyxia ("hypoxia-induced encephalopathy"); in preclinical models, xenon has been shown to be efficacious in each of these acute neurologic injuries. [16][17][18][19] Preliminary results of clinical trials investigating xenon's efficacy in limiting ongoing injury in postcardiac arrest syndrome have reported on the feasibility and safety of delivering xenon to these critically ill patients 20 ; a recently completed phase II clinical trial exploring xenon's efficacy in this setting will report soon. A preliminary clinical report on the use of xenon for hypoxia-induced encephalopathy revealed fewer convulsions, a clinical complication that is known to have an adverse effect on outcome.…”