Xenotransplant cardiac chimera: immune tolerance of adult stem cells

Engineering mesenchymal stem cells for immunotherapy

“…Even xenogeneic transplantation of MSCs was well tolerated as demonstrated by the capacity of murine MSCs to colonize and engraft into the injured myocardium of rats after coronary ligation. 19 In these last experiments, it must be emphasized that not only allogeneic MSCs were not rejected but they kept their potential of differentiation. These data thus suggest that an universal donor for MSCs may be used in a therapeutic design.…”

Transplanted xenogenic bone marrow stem cells survive and generate new bone formation in the posterolateral lumbar spine of non-immunosuppressed rabbits

“…Such immunological characteristics of BMSCs theoretically can make them impervious to immunorejection following xenogenic transplantation, irrespective of the use of immune suppression. Previous studies have reported conflicting results following xenogenic BMSCS transplantation into non-immunosuppressed hosts, ranging from no survival to differentiation into destination cells [9,19,28,30]. However, in our literature review, we were unable to find any study that had investigated the results of xenogenic BMSCs transplantation in a spine fusion model.…”

Delivery Route in Bone Marrow Cell Transplantation Should be Optimized According to the Etiology of Heart Disease

“…12,13,20 Orlic et al showed that BMCs, mobilized by G-CSF and stem cell factor, migrate to the infarcted region, regenerated the de novo myocardium, and improved contractile function and survival in a mouse model of AMI. 20 Kocher et al intravenously injected cytokine-mobilized CD34-positive BMCs, which were purified by flow cytometry using a fluorescence activated cell sorter, in a nude rat model of AMI.…”

“…8 Bone marrow is another cell source that has been used clinically, [5][6][7] the advantages of which are that abundant autologous cells can be harvested and, in contrast to SMs, bone marrow cells (BMCs) have the potential to transdifferentiation into cardiomyocytes. [9][10][11] Moreover, they have the unique capacity of migration to the injured site of the heart, 12,13 which may enable noninvasive strategies of BMC transplantation after intravenous (IV) injection. However, it remains unclear whether systemic administration of BMCs is as effective as direct transplantation into the failing heart.…”