Xerostomia: an immunotherapy-related adverse effect in cancer patients

Bustillos, Hannah; Indorf, Amy; Alwan, Laura; Thompson, John A.; Jung, Lindsey

doi:10.1007/s00520-021-06535-9

Cited by 15 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Depending on their nature, the causes of xerostomia can be classified as systemic or local [ 32 ]. Based on the duration of the symptoms, the condition is qualified as persistent or periodic.…”

Section: Causes Of Xerostomiamentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Xerostomia and Its Various Management Strategies: The Role of Advanced Polymeric Materials in the Treatment Approaches

et al. 2022

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The medical term xerostomia refers to the subjective sensation of oral dryness. The etiology seems to be multifactorial with the most frequently reported causes being the use of xerostomic medications, neck and head radiation, and systematic diseases (such as Sjögren’s syndrome). Xerostomia is associated with an increased incidence of dental caries, oral fungal infections, and difficulties in speaking and chewing/swallowing, which ultimately affect the oral health-related quality of life. The development of successful management schemes is regarded as a highly challenging project due to the complexity of saliva. This is why, in spite of the fact that there are therapeutic options aiming to improve salivary function, most management approaches are alleviation-oriented. In any case, polymers are an integral part of the various formulations used in every current treatment approach, especially in the saliva substitutes, due to their function as thickening and lubricating agents or, in the case of mucoadhesive polymers, their ability to prolong the treatment effect. In this context, the present review aims to scrutinize the literature and presents an overview of the role of various polymers (or copolymers) on either already commercially available formulations or novel drug delivery systems currently under research and development.

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Section: Causes Of Xerostomiamentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Xerostomia and Its Various Management Strategies: The Role of Advanced Polymeric Materials in the Treatment Approaches

et al. 2022

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“…Xerostomia (or dry-mouth) is defined as a subjective complaint of dry mouth, which commonly exists as a consequence of reduced salivary flow (hyposalivation) [1]. Xerostomia may arise from a multitude of systemic or local etiologies [2,3]. These include polypharmacy, neck and head radiotherapy and systematic diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, sarcoidosis, systemic lupus erythematosus and the autoimmune Sjögren's syndrome [4][5][6][7].…”

Section: Generalmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on the Role of Pilocarpine on the Management of Xerostomia and the Importance of the Topical Administration Systems Development

2022

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Xerostomia is linked to an increased risk of dental caries, oral fungal infections, and speaking/swallowing difficulties, factors that may significantly degrade patients’ life, socially- or emotionally-wise. Consequently, there is an increasing interest in developing management approaches for confronting this oral condition, at which pilocarpine, a parasympathomimetic agent, plays a vital role. Although the therapeutic effects of orally administrated pilocarpine on the salivary gland flow and the symptoms of xerostomia have been proved by numerous studies, the systemic administration of this drug is affiliated with various adverse effects. Some of the typical adverse effects include sweating, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, rhinitis, dizziness and increased urinary frequency. In this vein, new strategies to develop novel and effective dosage forms for topical (i.e., in the oral cavity) pilocarpine administration, in order for the salivary flow to be enhanced with minimal systemic manifestations, have emerged. Therefore, the purpose of the current review is to survey the literature concerning the performance of topical pilocarpine delivery systems. According to the findings, the topical delivery of pilocarpine can be regarded as the equivalent to systemic delivery of the drug, efficacy-wise, but with improved patient tolerance and less adverse effects.

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“…Management depends on the severity of the irAE and is with over-the-counter topical agents, sialagogues, and systemic treatment with prednisone 1–2 mg/kg or hydroxychloroquine for severe cases [ 49 ]. ICI treatment interruptions may also help [ 50 ].…”

Section: Sgd Secondary To Cancer Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salivary Gland Dysfunction Secondary to Cancer Treatment

Monreal

Polonsky

Shiboski

et al. 2022

Front. Oral. Health

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The number of cancer survivors are increasing and so are the oral toxicities from cancer therapy. Most patients receiving treatment for cancer develop some form of oral adverse events including, but not limited to, mucositis, opportunistic infections, dry mouth, and/or osteonecrosis of the jaw. One of the most common complications from head and neck cancer radiation therapy is salivary gland dysfunction (SGD). SGD is an umbrella term that includes the subjective sensation of dry mouth (xerostomia) and hyposalivation (objective reduction of the salivary flow rate). Dry mouth in cancer patients may lead to functional defects (e.g., eating, speaking, and swallowing), increase the risk of dental caries and oral candidiasis, and can have a negative effect on the nutritional and psychological status of the patients. The aim of this mini review was to summarize the current criteria for diagnosis and management of SGD associated with cancer treatment.

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Xerostomia: an immunotherapy-related adverse effect in cancer patients

Cited by 15 publications

References 17 publications

A Review on Xerostomia and Its Various Management Strategies: The Role of Advanced Polymeric Materials in the Treatment Approaches

A Review on Xerostomia and Its Various Management Strategies: The Role of Advanced Polymeric Materials in the Treatment Approaches

A Review on the Role of Pilocarpine on the Management of Xerostomia and the Importance of the Topical Administration Systems Development

Salivary Gland Dysfunction Secondary to Cancer Treatment

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