Xiang-Qi-Tang Increases Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli-Induced Survival Rate and Regulates Serum Levels of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha, Interleukin-1 and Soluble Endothelial Protein C Receptor in Chicken

Abstract

Xiang-Qi-Tang (XQT) is a Chinese herbal formula containing Rhizoma Cyperi, Andrographis paniculata and Astragalus membranaceus. The present study investigated the effects of XQT on the mortality and inflammatory mediators in a chicken model challenged with avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC). To detect the effect of XQT, the chickens were pretreated with the formula 12 h before being challenged with 10 8 colony forming unit (CFU) of APEC. The results showed that 0.6 g/kg XQT significantly elevated the survival rate of infected chickens. To further investigate the mechanism of decreasing mortality of XQT, we examined plasma inflammatory mediator levels. The levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-a a), interleukin-1 (IL-1) and soluble endothelial protein C receptor (sEPCR) were significantly increased in chickens challenged with APEC alone, whereas chickens pretreated with 0.6 g/kg XQT showed marked decrease of these inflammatory mediator levels during the death peak. Taken together, this study demonstrates that XQT has protective effects in APEC-treated chickens. The action mechanisms of XQT involve anti-inflammation and antithrombotic activity. These findings may contribute to future research on the action mechanisms of this formula, as well as prevention of or therapy for avian colibacillosis.

Baicalin ameliorates APEC-induced intestinal injury in chicks by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT-mediated NF-κB signaling pathway

“…TNF-α is the foremost inflammatory cytokine that activates the NF-κB pathway and upregulates the expression of other inflammatory cytokines, thereby stimulating and aggravating the inflammatory response ( Li et al, 2019 ; Yao et al, 2019 ). In addition, He et al (2011) found that APEC increased the serum levels of TNF-α and IL-1, leading to inflammation. In line with previous studies, this study showed that APEC infection in chicks induced the secretion of inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8.…”

Dietary live yeast and mannan-oligosaccharide supplementation attenuate intestinal inflammation and barrier dysfunction induced by Escherichia coli in broilers

“…The suppressed growth performance of animals bred in an unclean environment could be a result of intestinal dysfunction induced by bacterial challenge (1)(2)(3) . In this study, we confirmed the negative effects of E. coli challenge on growth performance of broilers, exhibited as reduced ABW, ADG and ADFI accompanied by an increased FCR.…”

“…Challenge by pathogenic Escherichia coli is responsible for a large variety of disorders in production, resulting in intestinal disruption and subsequent compromise in growth performance of chickens ( 1 – 3 ) . In the past few decades, antibiotics were widely used to prevent or control E. coli infection in animals.…”

Effects of Achyranthes bidentata Polysaccharides on Intestinal Morphology, Immune Response, and Gut Microbiome in Yellow Broiler Chickens Challenged with Escherichia coli K88

“…The principal pathogenic bacteria associated with poultry causing foodborne illnesses are Campylobacter , Salmonella , and Escherichia coli [1]. Escherichia coli can cause an enteric disease known as colibacillosis in chickens, which in turn results in a high mortality rate and huge economic loss in the poultry industry [2,3]. Although colibacillosis can be prevented or treated by the use of antibiotics, there exist controversies regarding the prophylactic use of antibiotics in livestock production throughout the world.…”