XIST sponges miR-320d to promote chordoma progression by regulating ARF6

Four differentially expressed exosomal miRNAs as prognostic biomarkers and therapy targets in endometrial cancer: Bioinformatic analysis

“…[126,127] The same sponging mechanism on has-miR-320d, for example by a competitive endogenous RNA, resulting in the loss of tumor suppression effects of has-miR-320d, as the key mediation of tumorigenesis and development, was demonstrated in research reports like on lung cancer [122] and on chordoma. [126,127] All these results indicated that hsa-miR-320d was a novel promising biomarker or target for early diagnosis, prognosis assessment and therapy, including chemoradiotherapy sensitivity assessment, in the relative tumor patients. [114,[117][118][119][120][121][122][123][124]126,127]…”

“…All the research reports mentioned above on the effects of hsa-miR-320d on the relative cancers showed that the relative effects of hsa-miR-320d were altogether negatively oncogenic, as hsa-miR-320d was a potential tumor suppressor. [114,117–127] The expression of hsa-miR-320d was significantly decreased in the cancer tissue and/or the peripheral serum of patients, [114,117–119,123,124,126] which was a loss of negative effect of hsa-miR-320d as a potential tumor suppressor. A lower expression level of hsa-miR-320d, either in cancer tissue or in peripheral serum, was positively correlated with the related tumorigenesis and development, adverse tumor phenotypes or prognosis, like bigger tumor size, advanced clinic stages, lymph node metastasis, chemoresistance, recurrence, or shorter overall and disease-free survival, etc.…”

“…As to hsa-miR-320d in cancers, there have been several special research reports, like on colorectal cancer, [117][118][119][120][121] on lung cancer, [122] on HCC, [114] on ovarian cancer, [123,124] on prostate cancer [10,125] and on chordoma. [126,127] But, until now, there is not any special research report on the potential values of exosomal hsa-miR-320d in the EC clinic and the relative research.…”

“…[121] The related target genes of hsa-miR-320d, here, could be TUSC3 (an oncogene) [117] or c-Myc (an oncogenic transcription factor), [121] BMI1 (an oncogene), [114] KIF3C-mRNA (an oncogene) [125] or ARF6 (an oncogene). [127] The related signaling pathways or routes could be Rap1 signaling pathway like in colorectal cancer, [119] exosomal lncRNA LINC00662/has-miR-320d/E2F1 axis like in lung cancer [122] and either LncRNA NONHSAT114552/hsa-miR-320d/NRP1 axis or XIST/has-miR-320d/ARF6 axis [127] like in chordoma. [126,127] The same sponging mechanism on has-miR-320d, for example by a competitive endogenous RNA, resulting in the loss of tumor suppression effects of has-miR-320d, as the key mediation of tumorigenesis and development, was demonstrated in research reports like on lung cancer [122] and on chordoma.…”

“…[127] The related signaling pathways or routes could be Rap1 signaling pathway like in colorectal cancer, [119] exosomal lncRNA LINC00662/has-miR-320d/E2F1 axis like in lung cancer [122] and either LncRNA NONHSAT114552/hsa-miR-320d/NRP1 axis or XIST/has-miR-320d/ARF6 axis [127] like in chordoma. [126,127] The same sponging mechanism on has-miR-320d, for example by a competitive endogenous RNA, resulting in the loss of tumor suppression effects of has-miR-320d, as the key mediation of tumorigenesis and development, was demonstrated in research reports like on lung cancer [122] and on chordoma. [126,127] All these results indicated that hsa-miR-320d was a novel promising biomarker or target for early diagnosis, prognosis assessment and therapy, including chemoradiotherapy sensitivity assessment, in the relative tumor patients.…”