“…ORM has also been used for business rules as a markup language [14] as well as for ontology modelling [26], and reactive behaviour [24] and temporal extensions have been proposed [42,43]. Extensions to ORM's precursor, NIAM [37,38], have also been proposed [44,8,4,55], including a transformation from NIAM into Optimal Normal Form 1 [32,33], a set of rules for schema conversion from NIAM to EER and vice-versa [48], a semantic comparison of the ER model and NIAM [30] and the EER model and NIAM [28], as well as an analytical evaluation of NIAM's grammar for conceptual schema diagrams [54].…”