“…For example, the Xpert bladder cancer detection mRNA‐based urinary biomarker was compared with urinary cytology and Urovysion (fluorescence in situ hybridisation test) in patients suspected of having UTUC. The respective overall sensitivity and specificity was Xpert (100%, 17%), cytology (52%, 95%) and Urovysion (93%, 85%) 14 . At present their sensitivity and specificity is promising, but not yet ready for ‘prime time’.…”