XPS and Ion Beam Scattering Studies of Leaching in Simulated Waste Glass Containing Uranium

Karim, D. P.; Pronko, P. P.; Marcuso, T.L.M.; Lam, D. J.; Paulikas, A. P.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-4040-9_50

Cited by 4 publications

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“…In contrast to the results presented here, however, even after 24 h of leaching there was no evidence of a return of the elemental sur-' face concentrations to the unleached values. Part of this difference can possibly be explained by the lower leaching temperature (75°C versus 90°C) employed by Karim et al [6]. The primary difference, however, is probably due :…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Rutherford Backscattering Investigation of the Corrosion of Borosilicate Glass

et al. 1981

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One of the major reservations regarding the use of glass as a primary nuclear waste form is its ability to retain hazardous radioactive nuclei when exposed to ground water at tenmeratures above about 75C. It is now generally accepted that the removal of radioactive nuclei from glass in an aqueous environment proceeds via two main mechanisms, i.e., either by a diffusion process (which may be driven or undriven) or by direct matrix dissolution - which, in its initial phase, also results from a diffusion related process [1]. The term "leaching" is generally employed in describing the overall process resulting in the removal of nuclei (whether they are radioactive or not) from glass that is exposed to an aqueous environment.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Rutherford Backscattering Investigation of the Corrosion of Borosilicate Glass

et al. 1981

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The Effect of Radiolysis on Leachability of Plutonium and Americium from 76–101 Glass

et al. 1981

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One aspect of the leachability of actinide bearing glass which has not been adequately addressed is the effect of radiolysis of the system (glass-water) on the amount of actinides liberated from the glass. In the present study, we have investigated the leaching of plutonium and americium from 76–101 glass samples (containing 2 mole % plutonium) in the presence of a one megaRad/hour gamma radiation field. The presence of the radiation field was found to increase the leaching rate of both plutonium and americium by a factor of five. Speciation studies of the plutonium in the leachate indicate that the plutonium is present predominantly in the higher oxidation states, Pu(V) and Pu(VI) and that it is significantly associated with colloidal particles. Examination of the glass surfaces with X-ray photoemission spectroscopy, XPS, both before and after leaching was carried out; these studies showed lower surface concentrations of plutonium in the samples of glass leached in the radiation field.

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Ion Implantation Studies of Nuclear Waste Forms

1981

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The first observations of physical and chemical changes induced by lead implantation damage and leaching are reported for two proposed U.S. nuclear waste forms (PNL 76–68 borosilicate glass and Sandia titanate ceramics) for commercial wastes. To simulate the effects of recoil nucleii due to alpha decay, the materials were implanted with lead ions at equivalent doses up to approximately 1 × 1019 a decays/cm3 . In the titanate waste form, the zirconolite, perovskite, hollandite, and rutile phases all exhibited a mottled appearance in the transmission electron microscope (TEM) typical of defect clusters in radiation damaged, crystalline solids. One titanate phase containing uranium was found by TEM to be amorphous after implantation at the highest dose. No enhanced leaching (deionized water, room temperature, 24 hours) of the irradiated titanate waste form, including the amorphous phase, was detected by TEM, but Rutherford backscattering (RBS) suggested a loss of cesium and calcium after 21 hours of leaching. The RBS spectra also indicated enhanced leaching from the PNL 76–68 borosilicate glass after implantation with lead ions, in general agreement with the observations of Dran, et al. [6,7] on other irradiated materials. Elastic recoil detection spectroscopy (ERD), used to profile hydrogen after leaching, showed penetration of the hydrogen to several thousand angstroms for both the implanted and unimplanted materials. These basic studies identified techniques to follow the changes that occur on implantation and leaching of complex amorphous and crystalline waste forms. These studies were not designed to produce comparisons between waste forms of gross leach rates.

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XPS and Ion Beam Scattering Studies of Leaching in Simulated Waste Glass Containing Uranium

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Rutherford Backscattering Investigation of the Corrosion of Borosilicate Glass

Rutherford Backscattering Investigation of the Corrosion of Borosilicate Glass

The Effect of Radiolysis on Leachability of Plutonium and Americium from 76–101 Glass

Ion Implantation Studies of Nuclear Waste Forms

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