XPS and ion scattering studies on compound formation and interfacial mixing in TiN/Ti nanolayers on plasma nitrided tool steel

Kieckow, Flávio; Kwietniewski, Carlos Eduardo Fortis; Tentardini, E.K.; Reguly, Afonso; Baumvol, Israel Jacob Rabin

doi:10.1016/j.surfcoat.2006.06.020

Cited by 26 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The last peak at higher binding energy (400.4 ± 0.2 eV) is attributed to the N−O bonding (oxidized nitrogen) as a result of the oxidation of the nitrogen in the nitride layer [40]. The XPS nitrogen quantification confirms the EMPA nitrogen quantification.…”

Section: Structural Characterizationssupporting

confidence: 60%

Structural and mechanical properties of radiofrequency N₂/H₂cold plasma-nitrided C38 carbon steel

Bouanis¹,

Bentiss²,

Traisnel³

et al. 2011

Eur. Phys. J. Appl. Phys.

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Abstract.C38 carbon steel has been nitrided by radiofrequency cold plasma discharge with the aim to study the effect of gas composition on structural and mechanical properties of nitrided substrates. The plasma nitriding was carried out on unheated substrates, using two different gas mixtures (75% N 2 /25% H 2 and 25% N 2 /75% H 2 ) for 8 hours of plasma treatment. Electron Probe Microanalysis (EPMA) showed that the nitrogen content and the nitride layer thickness mainly depend on the hydrogen content in the plasma. For 75%N 2 /25%H 2 mixtures, nitrided samples showed the formation of thicker nitride layer with high content of nitrogen compared to those formed in the case of 25% N 2 /75% H 2 or pure N 2 . The thickness of the nitride layer formed is approximately 15 µm for 8 h of plasma with 75% N 2 /25% H 2 . X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was employed to obtain chemical-state information of the plasma nitrided steel surfaces. The mechanical properties of plasma nitrided C38 steel were investigated by Vickers microhardness measurements. The micromechanical results show the formation of a new hard layer on the surface after N 2 /H 2 treatment plasma and it reaches a maximum value of more than 2242 HV 0.005 for 75% N 2 /25% H 2 plasma nitrided samples. However, a decrease in the hardness values with the applied load has been evidenced.

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Section: Structural Characterizationssupporting

confidence: 60%

Structural and mechanical properties of radiofrequency N₂/H₂cold plasma-nitrided C38 carbon steel

Bouanis¹,

Bentiss²,

Traisnel³

et al. 2011

Eur. Phys. J. Appl. Phys.

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“…Assim como discutido na literatura (13) , parece existir uma pressão de nitrogênio para uma mistura pura de N 2 que é o limite para a formação de nitretos ε. Os dados sugerem que para essas condições de tratamento, essa pressão situa-se entre 2,9 x 10 -3 mbar e 4,5 x 10 -3 mbar. Apesar das outras condições apresentarem apenas picos do Fe (muitas vezes deslocados devido à ação de distorção que o nitrogênio causa no reticulado), é bem possível que tenha ocorrido a formação de nitretos (14) em quantidade tão pequena que não tenha sido detectada pela técnica. Assim sendo, a adesão não deveria ser prejudicada nesses casos.…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

Caracterização De Amostras De H13 Nitretadas a Baixas Pressões Com Diferentes Misturas Gasosas

Jacques

Reguly

2010

TMM

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ResumoA nitretação a plasma em baixas pressões e posterior deposição de filmes finos pode aumentar consideravelmente a resistência ao desgaste de matrizes de forjamento feitas de aço ABNT H13. A nitretação promove uma maior sustentação de carga e melhor adesão do filme fino, desde que não ocorra formação de uma camada branca. A realização de um processo integrado de nitretação a plasma em baixas pressões, seguido de deposição de filmes finos, traz vantagens de custo energético e de menor contaminação da amostra, sendo mais recomendável que processos convencionais. Neste contexto, foram estudadas diferentes combinações de composição gasosa, para nitretar um aço ABNT H13 em baixas pressões em uma câmara de triodo industrial IP35L/TECVAC. Os resultados indicam que é possível a não formação de camada branca para uma combinação de parâmetros de nitretação de 450°C, atmosfera de nitrogênio puro e pressão de 2 x 10 -3 mbar. Essa combinação de parâmetros torna não necessária a utilização de gases de apoio como o argônio e hidrogênio, comuns em nitretações a maiores pressões. Palavras-chave: Nitretação por plasma; Tratamento de superfície; Aço ABNT H13. CHARACTERIZATION OF H13 SAMPLES NITRIDED AT LOW PRESSURE WITH DIFFERENT GASOUS MIXTURES AbstractLow pressure plasma nitriding followed by thin film deposition may greatly increase the resistance to wear of forging dies made of ABNT H13. Nitriding provides the die with a higher capacity to sustain loads and a better adhesion for the film as long as there is no formation of a compound layer. The possibility of an integrated low pressure nitriding/ film deposition process has advantages such as lower energetic input and also provides lesser sample contamination. In this context, different combinations of gasous composition for the process were studied in order to nitride an ABNT H13 steel in a triode industrial IP35L/TECVAC equipment. Results show that it is possible to avoid the formation of the composite layer if a combination of 450°C, pure nitrogen atmosphere and a pressure of 2 x 10 -3 mbar is used. This parameter configuration allows nitriding of the samples without the need to use support gases such as argon and hydrogen, which is a common practice in higher pressure nitridings. Key words: Plasma nitriding; Surface treatment; ABNT H13 steel. INTRODUÇÃOTratamentos de superfície como a nitretação a plasma e deposição de filmes finos são comumente empregados em componentes de grande valor agregado, como matrizes de forjamento a quente e matrizes para injeção de alumínio. Esses tratamentos aumentam a resistência ao desgaste desses componentes,(1-3) resultando em menor quantidade de paradas na produção.O chamado tratamento duplex, que envolve nitretação e posterior deposição de um filme fino como TiN, CrN ou TiAlN, é um dos tratamentos que tem um dos melhores resultados, desde que seja feito de modo que o filme depositado não lasque. A nitretação prévia à deposição cria um gradiente de durezas entre o filme depositado e a peça de modo a sustentar cargas garantindo uma meno...

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“…7a) presents a broad and asymmetrical Ti 2p 3/2 and Ti 2p 1/2 doublets. The Ti 2p spectrum was fitted into 3 spin-orbit doublets, in which the Ti 2p 3/2 peak position at around 455.5 eV fitted with an asymmetric shape is attributed to Ti-N bonds [26]. Some amount of bonds attributed to Ti 2 O 3 and TiO 2 with the Ti 2p 3/2 peak positions at around 457.4 and 458.8 eV [27], respectively, are also found.…”

Section: X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Studiesmentioning

confidence: 95%

Combined reactive/non-reactive DC magnetron sputtering of high temperature composite AlN–TiB2–TiSi2

et al. 2016

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High temperature composite target AlN-TiB 2 -TiSi 2 with heterogeneous distribution of compounds (AlN-50 wt.%; TiB 2 -35 wt.%; TiSi 2 -15 wt.%) is used for sputtering via combined reactive/non-reactive DC magnetron sputtering onto substrate materials either cylindrical polished steel (Fe, 18%-Ni, 12%-Cr, 10%-Ti) 3 mm diameter or monocrystalline silicon. The gradient coating has been produced by sequential non-reactive and reactive sputtering of the target. The structural and morphological properties of the deposited films are analyzed by transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The tribo-mechanical properties are studied by means of nanoindentation and nanowear tests. The gradient film is composed of two layers with different microstructure and elemental composition. The first layer with thickness~200 nm is mainly based on light B, C and N as well metal elements Al, Si and Ti. The presence of very well distributed nanocrystals embedded in an amorphous matrix, with crystal sizes ranging from 5 to 40 nm is observed in the second layer~700 nm thickness and composed of Al, Ti, Si, B, and N. Films show very flat surfaces, with roughness around 0.35 nm. The hardness, elastic modulus, elastic recovery (W e ), H/E ⁎ ratio and H 3 /E ⁎2 ratio are determined as 17.55 GPa, 216.7 GPa, 60%, 0.08 and 0.12 GPa, respectively. Nanowear tests demonstrate relatively high wear resistance of the coatings. Samples show promising characteristics for hard protective adaptive coatings and diffusion barriers due to short propagation of dislocations in the amorphous matrix and the elastic and hard nature of the nanocomposite structure.

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XPS and ion scattering studies on compound formation and interfacial mixing in TiN/Ti nanolayers on plasma nitrided tool steel

Cited by 26 publications

References 43 publications

Structural and mechanical properties of radiofrequency N₂/H₂cold plasma-nitrided C38 carbon steel

Structural and mechanical properties of radiofrequency N₂/H₂cold plasma-nitrided C38 carbon steel

Caracterização De Amostras De H13 Nitretadas a Baixas Pressões Com Diferentes Misturas Gasosas

Combined reactive/non-reactive DC magnetron sputtering of high temperature composite AlN–TiB2–TiSi2

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XPS and ion scattering studies on compound formation and interfacial mixing in TiN/Ti nanolayers on plasma nitrided tool steel

Cited by 26 publications

References 43 publications

Structural and mechanical properties of radiofrequency N2/H2cold plasma-nitrided C38 carbon steel

Structural and mechanical properties of radiofrequency N2/H2cold plasma-nitrided C38 carbon steel

Caracterização De Amostras De H13 Nitretadas a Baixas Pressões Com Diferentes Misturas Gasosas

Combined reactive/non-reactive DC magnetron sputtering of high temperature composite AlN–TiB2–TiSi2

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Structural and mechanical properties of radiofrequency N₂/H₂cold plasma-nitrided C38 carbon steel

Structural and mechanical properties of radiofrequency N₂/H₂cold plasma-nitrided C38 carbon steel