XPS, ICP and DPASV analysis of medieval pottery ? Statistical multivariate treatment of data

Lapis lazuli usage for blue decoration of polychrome painted glazed pottery: a recurrent technology during the Middle Ages in Apulia (Southern Italy)

“…Multivariate statistical techniques were used in the past to identify clearly differentiated ceramic groups in order to establish an archaeological classification [2,3,24,25], to assign pottery of unknown provenance to previously studied groups of objects, or to decide whether or not an assignment can be made [8,22,23,26]. One of the most frequently used techniques is Principal Components Analysis (PCA), which calculates orthogonal linear combinations of the auto-scaled variables, by using the correlation matrix, based on the maximum variance criterion.…”

“…A thin external layer was first removed to avoid leaching phenomena and contamination during burial. A weighed aliquot of about 30 mg was dissolved by acid attack with a mixture of HCl 37%, HNO 3 70% and HF 40%, Fluka trace selected for trace analysis reagents, in a 2:1:1 ratio (v:v:v) [3].…”

Electrochemical Determination of the Fe(III)/Fe(II) Ratio in Archaeological Ceramic Materials Using Carbon Paste and Composite Electrodes

“…Recent developments include among others, nuclear activation techniques [4]. Electrochemical methods applied in this field are restricted to conventional stripping voltammetry requiring prior dissolution of the sample in HF-HNO 3 -HCl mixtures [5].…”

An archaeometric approach to gain knowledge on technology and provenance of Apulian red-figured pottery from Taranto

“…The multivariate statistical treatment of compositional data, usually applied to split wares in groups distinctly discriminated per archeological category (Aruga et al 1993;Bruno et al 1994), provenance (Mirti et al 2004b;Mangone et al 2009aMangone et al , 2011Giannossa et al 2014), or manufacturing process (Mangone et al 2008(Mangone et al , 2009c(Mangone et al , 2013, was carried out on standardized data using the software package Minitab®.…”