XUV digital in-line holography using high-order harmonics

Genoud, Guillaume; Guilbaud, Olivier; Mengotti, E.; Pettersson, Sven-Göran; Georgiadou, Elisavet; Pourtal, E.; Wahlström, C.‐G.; L’Huillier, Anne

doi:10.1007/s00340-007-2898-x

Cited by 18 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…As we are describing our approach with femtosecond resolution we shall concentrate in the following on femtosecond pulses from High Harmonic Generation (HHG) (1,2,(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15). The applications of such pulses range from spectroscopy (1,2,(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27) to microscopy (28,29) and coherent diffraction or holography (30)(31)(32)(33). In most cases, HHG is performed with a driving-laser wavelength of around 800 nm and HHG pulses with photon energies between 15 and 100 eV are used.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Femtosecond time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy with a vacuum-ultraviolet photon source based on laser high-order harmonic generation

Wernet

Gaudin

Godehusen

et al. 2011

Review of Scientific Instruments

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A laser-based tabletop approach to femtosecond time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy with photons in the vacuum-ultraviolet (VUV) energy range is described. The femtosecond VUV pulses are produced by high-order harmonic generation (HHG) of an amplified femtosecond Ti:sapphire laser system. Two generations of the same set up and results from photoelectron spectroscopy in the gas phase are discussed. In both generations a toroidal grating monochromator was used to select one harmonic in the photon energy range of 20-30 eV. The first generation of the set up was used to perform photoelectron spectroscopy in the gas phase to determine the bandwidth of the source. We find that our HHG source has a bandwidth of 140±40 meV. The second and current generation is optimized for femtosecond pump-probe photoelectron spectroscopy with high flux and a small spot size at the sample of the femtosecond probe pulses. The VUV radiation is focused into the interaction region with a toroidal mirror to a spot smaller than 100 x 100 μm 2 and the flux amounts to 10 10 photons/s at the sample at a repetition rate of 1 kHz. The duration of the monochromatized VUV pulses is determined to be 120 femtoseconds resulting in an overall pump-probe time resolution of 135±5 fs. We show how this set up can be used to map the transient valence electronic structure in molecular dissociation.3

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Femtosecond time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy with a vacuum-ultraviolet photon source based on laser high-order harmonic generation

Wernet

Gaudin

Godehusen

et al. 2011

Review of Scientific Instruments

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“…Recent results on the time-delayed interference of femtosecond radiation from FLASH in the "dusty mirror geometry" already suggest the applicability of digital in-line holography with the short pulses of free-electron lasers [30]. So far, femtosecond VUV and soft x-ray pulses produced by high-harmonic generation have been used for digital in-line holography with a best spatial resolution of 800 nm [31][32][33]. The goal of this study is to demonstrate the feasibility of in-line holographic microscopy with femtosecond FEL radiation and to present the first results obtained for particle samples, diatoms and dried fibroblast cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Digital In-line Holography with femtosecond VUV radiation provided by the free-electron laser FLASH

Rosenhahn¹,

Staier²,

Nisius³

et al. 2009

Opt. Express

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Femtosecond vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) radiation provided by the free-electron laser FLASH was used for digital in-line holographic microscopy and applied to image particles, diatoms and critical point dried fibroblast cells. To realize the classical in-line Gabor geometry, a 1 microm pinhole was used as spatial filter to generate a divergent light cone with excellent pointing stability. At a fundamental wavelength of 8 nm test objects such as particles and diatoms were imaged at a spatial resolution of 620 nm. In order to demonstrate the applicability to biologically relevant systems, critical point dried rat embryonic fibroblast cells were for the first time imaged with free-electron laser radiation.

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“…A reconstruction of the field in the sample plane can be achieved by applying a numerical algorithm to the recorded hologram. A detailed description of the algorithm can be found in Genoud et al (Genoud et al , 2007). Of particular interest in this work is the correction for the twin‐image blurring, which arises from the ambiguity of the interference fringes in the hologram.…”

Section: Digital Holographymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The method retrieves both the amplitude and phase properties of the sample, and can be used to image a large variety of free‐standing objects. Digital in‐line holography using high‐order harmonic generation has been demonstrated by several groups, including our own (Bartels et al , 2002; Morlens et al , 2006; Genoud et al , 2007). In this paper, we report on the production of test samples for this kind of experiment, in which we used electron beam lithography (EBL) to pattern various materials on ultrathin silicon nitride membranes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Digital in‐line holography on amplitude and phase objects prepared with electron beam lithography

Schwenke

Lorek

Rakowski

et al. 2012

Journal of Microscopy

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SummaryWe report on the fabrication and characterization of amplitude and phase samples consisting of well defined Au or Al features formed on ultrathin silicon nitride membranes. The samples were manufactured using electron beam lithography, metallization and a lift-off technique, which allow precise lateral control and thickness of the metal features. The fabricated specimens were evaluated by conventional microscopy, atomic force microscopy and with the digital in-line holography set-up at the Lund Laser Centre. The latter uses high-order harmonic generation as a light source, and is capable of recovering both the shape and phase shifting properties of the samples. We report on the details of the sample production and on the imaging tests with the holography set-up.

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XUV digital in-line holography using high-order harmonics

Cited by 18 publications

References 22 publications

Femtosecond time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy with a vacuum-ultraviolet photon source based on laser high-order harmonic generation

Femtosecond time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy with a vacuum-ultraviolet photon source based on laser high-order harmonic generation

Digital In-line Holography with femtosecond VUV radiation provided by the free-electron laser FLASH

Digital in‐line holography on amplitude and phase objects prepared with electron beam lithography

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