Xylanases, Cellulases, and Acid Protease Produced by Stenocarpella maydis Grown in Solid-state and Submerged Fermentation

Abstract

Activity levels of extracellular hydrolytic enzymes produced by Stenocarpella maydis, a fungal pathogen of maize, have so far not been reported. Production of xylanase, cellulase, and acid protease by this ascomycete using different culture media in solid-state and submerged fermentation was studied. In solid-state fermentation, polyurethane foam was used as an inert support, and corncob, corn leaves, and broken corn were used as biodegradable supports. The highest xylanase activity was produced in the medium with xylan in both fermentation systems, reaching 18,020 U/L and 19,266 U/L for submerged and solid-state fermentation, respectively. Cellulase production was observed only in the culture medium with carboxymethylcellulose, obtaining values of 7,872 U/L in submerged fermentation and 9,439 U/L in solid-state fermentation. The acid protease was produced only in minimal medium with glucose in acidic pH, reaching the highest levels of activity in SSF (806 U/L). The corncob was the best biodegradable support for the production of xylanases and acid protease. Two isoenzymes of xylanase and cellulase were observed in both fermentation systems, and three isoenzymes of xylanase were produced on the biodegradable supports.

Production of laccases, cellulases and xylanases of Pleurotus ostreatus grown in liquid-state fermentation

“…Laccase, xylanase and cellulase activities were detected in situ by zymograms (Raghukumar et al, 2004;Téllez-Téllez et al, 2012, Álvarez-Cervantes et al, 2013Hernández-Domínguez, et al, 2014).…”

“…On the other hand, submerged or liquid fermentation (SMF), includes a variety of microbiological process with agitation, where biomass is completely surrounded by the liquid culture medium (Viniegra-González, 2003). This type of fermentation is widely used for the production of various metabolites of biotechnological interest, mainly enzymes (Díaz-Godínez et al, 2001;Téllez-Telléz et al, 2008;Álvarez-Cervantes et al, 2013;Hernández-Domínguez et al, 2014). In this study the activities of xylanase, cellulase and laccase produced by Pleurotus ostreatus grown in SMF were evaluated.…”

Stenocarpella maydis and Sporisorium reilianum: Two Pathogenic Fungi of Maize

“…In the laboratory it can be maintained in solid media growing in filamentous form, when the growth is young, producing colonies which initially appear white, and then take on a green coloration with the production of metabolites (Figure 7). In submerged culture, the growth is in pellet form and on natural supports is in mycelial form [51]. S. maydis is also an important producer of mycotoxins among which are the diploidiatoxin, chaetoglobosins, and diplonine ( Figure 8), all associated with a condition called diplodiosis, a mycotoxicosis characterized by neurological disorders such as ataxia, paralysis, and liver damage in farm animals fed infected corn.…”

“…S. maydis demonstrated the extracellular hydrolytic activities of acid protease, xylanases, and cellulases when it was grown on solid and liquid fermentation using a synthetic culture medium, as well as when the fungus was grown on the waste of crop maize (i.e., leaf, stem and broken corn), which functioned as inducers for the above mentioned enzymes, suggesting their possible role in the tissue degradation of the host [51].…”

“…When it was cultivated using biodegradable supports, it showed three isoforms of xylanases. The most interesting finding is that the fungus produced xylanolytic enzyme extracts free from cellulase activity [51]. These might be used in the paper industry facilitating the release of lignin from paper pulp, thereby reducing the use of chlorine as a bleaching agent, and avoid the degradation of cellulose.…”