Xylem traits mediate a trade‐off between resistance to freeze–thaw‐induced embolism and photosynthetic capacity in overwintering evergreens

Choat, Brendan; Medek, Danielle E.; Stuart, Stephanie; Pasquet‐Kok, Jessica; Egerton, John J. G.; Salari, Hooman; Sack, Lawren; Ball, Marilyn C.

doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03772.x

Cited by 78 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Freeze-thaw-induced PLC was also positively correlated with D h . A similar relationship was previously described in laboratory experiments on conifers (Davis et al, 1999;Sperry, 2003, 2006) and angiosperms (Stuart et al, 2007;Choat et al, 2011) and in field studies (Charrier et al, 2013;Schreiber et al, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Freeze-Thaw Stress: Effects of Temperature on Hydraulic Conductivity and Ultrasonic Activity in Ten Woody Angiosperms

et al. 2013

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Freeze-thaw events can affect plant hydraulics by inducing embolism. This study analyzed the effect of temperature during the freezing process on hydraulic conductivity and ultrasonic emissions (UE). Stems of 10 angiosperms were dehydrated to a water potential at 12% percentage loss of hydraulic conductivity (PLC) and exposed to freeze-thaw cycles. The minimal temperature of the frost cycle correlated positively with induced PLC, whereby species with wider conduits (hydraulic diameter) showed higher freezethaw-induced PLC. Ultrasonic activity started with the onset of freezing and increased with decreasing subzero temperatures, whereas no UE were recorded during thawing. The temperature at which 50% of UE were reached varied between 29.1°C and 231.0°C across species. These findings indicate that temperatures during freezing are of relevance for bubble formation and air seeding. We suggest that species-specific cavitation thresholds are reached during freezing due to the temperature-dependent decrease of water potential in the ice, while bubble expansion and the resulting PLC occur during thawing. UE analysis can be used to monitor the cavitation process and estimate freeze-thaw-induced PLC.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Freeze-Thaw Stress: Effects of Temperature on Hydraulic Conductivity and Ultrasonic Activity in Ten Woody Angiosperms

et al. 2013

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“…Two wide-vesseled Japanese evergreens underwent a severe reduction of stem conductivity and leaf dieback during winter, in contrast to two species with narrow-vessels (Taneda and Tateno 2005). Likewise, in an Australian high-altitude heath, evergreen species had variable conduit diameters and there was a close correlation between that trait and vulnerability to winter cavitation (Choat et al 2011). Finally, based on a global study of plant radiation into freezing environments, among evergreen species only those with narrow (<44 μm) conduits managed to colonize areas experiencing temperatures <0°C (Zanne et al 2014).…”

Section: Winter Xylem Dysfunctionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Photosynthetic ecophysiology of evergreen leaves in the woody angiosperms – a review

Wyka¹,

Oleksyn²

2014

Dendrobiology

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Abstract:Evergreen plants are an important component of many ecosystems of the world and occur in numerous evolutionary lineages. In this article we review phenotypic traits of evergreen woody angiosperms occurring in habitats that regularly experience frost. Leaf anatomical traits such as sclerenchymatic tissues or prominent cuticles ensure mechanical strength while often enhancing tolerance of water deficit. The low ratio of photosynthetic to nonphotosynthetic tissues as well as modified cell wall structure and nitrogen allocation patterns in evergreen leaves result in lower mass-based photosynthetic rate and photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency in comparison with deciduous leaves. Their photosynthetic apparatus is adapted for the survival of frost in a down-regulated state with potential for photosynthetic activity in winter during periods of permissive temperatures. Leaf structure interacts with the mechanisms of frost survival. Stem xylem in evergreen plants tends to contain smaller diameter conduits incurring greater resistance to freeze/ thaw induced cavitation than in deciduous plants, although at the cost of reduced hydraulic efficiency. In contrast, no such differences in hydraulic conductivity have been documented at the leaf level. There is evidence for reduced structural plasticity of evergreen leaves in response to variability in irradiance, however photosynthetic downregulation occurs in mature leaves in response to self shading. Some evergreen species exhibit slow leaf development and "delayed greening", while in many species aging is also a very protracted process. Finally, evergreen leaves may participate in carbohydrate and, less obviously, in nitrogen storage for the support of spring shoot and foliage growth, although the importance of this function is under debate. In conclusion, the evergreen leaf habit is correlated with numerous structural and functional traits at the leaf and also at the stem level. These correlations may generate trade-offs that shape the ecological strategies of evergreen plants.Additional key words: internal conductance to CO 2 , leaf anatomy, sclerophylly, winter photosynthesis, winter photoinhibition.

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“…These taxa were from cold environments, either from cold located provenances or colder ex situ growing conditions, than the other sources of the same taxa. Probably, the morphological and physiological characteristics that provide cold tolerance are related to drought tolerance, affecting plant hydraulics to maintain the photosynthetic rate in stressful conditions [34,35]. Adaptation to colder environments may be due to cold stress reducing hydro activity, causing osmotic stress within the cell [36].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seedling Growth and Physiological Responses of Sixteen Eucalypt Taxa under Controlled Water Regime

Silva

Campoe

Paula³

et al. 2016

Forests

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Abstract:We assessed growth and physiological responses of Eucalyptus and Corymbia species to water limitation aiming to widen possibilities for plantations in dry climatic conditions. We selected 16 taxa: 4 Corymbia and 12 Eucalyptus species from the Subgenera Symphyomyrtus. Seedlings were evaluated from 100 to 170 days after sowing. Growth and physiological traits showed significant differences among taxa and between two levels of water availability. Water limitation significantly impacted biomass production and physiological characteristics, however in different levels. Leaf area and biomass production decreased 15%-48% under water limitation among taxa. Eucalyptus moluccana, CCV 2, and VM1 (drought tolerant clone) showed the largest decrease in leaf area. Transpiration across taxa decreased 30%-57% and photosynthesis 14%-48% under water limited condition. Taxa from cold environments were less responsive in leaf area reduction under water limitation, and taxa from Exsertaria section showed lower reduction in photosynthesis (E. camaldulensis showed the lowest reduction). Responses to water limitation are related to the environment of origin. E. molucana, the only Adnataria species from a high precipitation region (>1500 mm year´1), was one of the most sensitive in reduction of biomass production, different behavior from the other Adnataria species, originated in regions with rainfall <750 mm year´1. Water limitation increased leaf-level water use efficiency by 18% on average, 8% in E. longirostrata, and 28% in E. camaldulensis, E. brassiana, and E. crebra. Growth and physiological responses observed show the potential of different eucalypts taxa to tolerate water limited environments.

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Xylem traits mediate a trade‐off between resistance to freeze–thaw‐induced embolism and photosynthetic capacity in overwintering evergreens

Cited by 78 publications

References 41 publications

Freeze-Thaw Stress: Effects of Temperature on Hydraulic Conductivity and Ultrasonic Activity in Ten Woody Angiosperms

Freeze-Thaw Stress: Effects of Temperature on Hydraulic Conductivity and Ultrasonic Activity in Ten Woody Angiosperms

Photosynthetic ecophysiology of evergreen leaves in the woody angiosperms – a review

Seedling Growth and Physiological Responses of Sixteen Eucalypt Taxa under Controlled Water Regime

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