Xylenes and Ethylbenzene

Cannella, William

doi:10.1002/0471238961.2425120503011414.a01.pub2

Cited by 20 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…For example, nitro-benzene is produced by the reaction of benzene with nitric acid in the presence of sulfuric acid . The starting feedstock benzene could be produced directly from ethanol or by the Selective Toluene Disproportionation Process (STDP) as one of the side products . In the STDP process, toluene is catalytically converted to the mixture of o -, m -, and p -xylenes and benzene in the presence of ZSM-5 zeolite.…”

Section: Sustainability Value Of Resource Replacement (Svrep)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainability Metrics for Biomass-Based Carbon Chemicals

Horváth

Cséfalvay

Mika

et al. 2017

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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The application of biomass-based resources for the production of chemicals could slow the depletion rate of fossil reserves and enable the development of a sustainable chemical industry. Three sustainability metrics, the sustainability value of resource replacement (SVrep), the sustainability value of the fate of waste (SVwaste), and the sustainability indicator (SUSind), were defined for biomass-based carbon chemicals by using the ethanol equivalent (EE) as a common currency. These sustainability metrics were calculated for ethylene, propylene, toluene, p-xylene, styrene, and ethylene oxide in the U.S.A. for 2008 and 2014. Our calculations are based on the initial chemical dehydration of corn-ethanol to ethylene followed by its conversion by existing chemical processes. These basic chemicals cannot be produced sustainably at this time primarily due to the limited availability of bioethanol. Consequently, bioethanol-based carbon products should only be labeled “sustainable” when the necessary biomass is available to produce the required bioethanol, independently of social and economic changes. The waste management of the processes shows much better sustainability values than the resource management, due to the successful greening of petrochemical processes.

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Section: Sustainability Value Of Resource Replacement (Svrep)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainability Metrics for Biomass-Based Carbon Chemicals

Horváth

Cséfalvay

Mika

et al. 2017

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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“…8 m -Xylene—the main component of the mixture—has a limited end use and is preferably isomerized into p -xylene. 9 , 10 Xylenes are components of solvents, cleaning agents, paint thinners, varnish, and corrosion preventives. 11 − 13 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…o -Xylene is mostly used in the production of phthalic anhydride , Xylenes are components of solvents, cleaning agents, paint thinners, varnish, and corrosion preventives. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Competitive Adsorption of Xylenes at Chemical Equilibrium in Zeolites

et al. 2021

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The separation of xylenes is one of the most important processes in the petrochemical industry. In this article, the competitive adsorption from a fluid-phase mixture of xylenes in zeolites is studied. Adsorption from both vapor and liquid phases is considered. Computations of adsorption of pure xylenes and a mixture of xylenes at chemical equilibrium in several zeolite types at 250 °C are performed by Monte Carlo simulations. It is observed that shape and size selectivity entropic effects are predominant for small one-dimensional systems. Entropic effects due to the efficient arrangement of xylenes become relevant for large one-dimensional systems. For zeolites with two intersecting channels, the selectivity is determined by a competition between enthalpic and entropic effects. Such effects are related to the orientation of the methyl groups of the xylenes. m -Xylene is preferentially adsorbed if xylenes fit tightly in the intersection of the channels. If the intersection is much larger than the adsorbed molecules, p -xylene is preferentially adsorbed. This study provides insight into how the zeolite topology can influence the competitive adsorption and selectivity of xylenes at reaction conditions. Different selectivities are observed when a vapor phase is adsorbed compared to the adsorption from a liquid phase. These insight have a direct impact on the design criteria for future applications of zeolites in the industry. MRE-type and AFI-type zeolites exclusively adsorb p -xylene and o -xylene from the mixture of xylenes in the liquid phase, respectively. These zeolite types show potential to be used as high-performing molecular sieves for xylene separation and catalysis.

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“…Most industrial separations currently use selective adsorption on zeolites and these processes have been reviewed. 4,5 The separation of xylene isomers by metal organic frameworks and by host-guest chemistry techniques has been studied. 6,7 Lusi and Barbour 8 utilized the Werner host [Ni(NCS) 2 (para-phenylpyridine) 4 ] to selectively enclathrate ox over mx and px from an equimolar ternary mixture and mx over px from a binary mixture of the xylene vapours.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The structure of H1Á0.5ox crystallises in P% 1 with Z = 8. The ox guest molecules are located in the channels running along [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. The packing is shown in Fig.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%