Xylitol and Its Derivatives

Abstract

The literature data on the pentahydric alcohol xylitol are reviewed. The methods for the preparation of xylitol, its ethers, esters, nitrogen-, halogen-, and sulphur-containing derivatives, acetals, ketals, anhydroxylitols, and their various derivatives are examined and the spectroscopic methods for demonstrating the structures of certain xylitol derivatives are discussed. The therapeutic and diagnostic, dietary, and industrial applications of xylitol and its derivatives are briefly considered. The bibliography includes 553 references.

Optimal Pretreatment of Eucalyptus globulus by Hydrothermolysis and Alkaline Extraction for Microbial Production of Ethanol and Xylitol

“…These were almost completely eliminated after alkaline extraction, as seen in Pulp-2 (Figure b, d, and f). It had been reported that after alkaline extraction lignin may be reabsorbed from the alkaline extraction liquor to cellulose fibers, but this cannot be seen in the SEM images because of their resolution limit …”

“…It had been reported that after alkaline extraction lignin may be reabsorbed from the alkaline extraction liquor to cellulose fibers, but this cannot be seen in the SEM images because of their resolution limit. 3 Post-Treatment of Liquor Obtained from Hydrothermolysis Pretreatment. Liquor-1 was mainly composed of xylose and xylo-oligomers, which together were equivalent to 22.8 g/L of xylose.…”

“…1 Xylitol, one of the products that can be obtained from hemicellulosic xylose, is a five-carbon sweetener that prevents tooth decay, 2 and it is an alternative to sucrose for diabetic patients, since its metabolism in humans is independent of insulin. 3 Xylitol is currently produced by Raney nickel hydrogenation from purified xylose (80−140 °C, 50 bar). Bioconversion of xylose into xylitol is an alternative to the chemical pathway because of its milder operational conditions (30 °C, 1 bar).…”