Xyloglucan endotransglycosylase activity during fruit development and ripening of apple and kiwifruit

Percy, Ann; O'Brien, Iona E.W.; Jameson, Paula E.; Melton, Laurence D.; MacRae, Elspeth; Redgwell, Robert J.

doi:10.1034/j.1399-3054.1996.960107.x

Cited by 14 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…Previous research into apple fruit development suggested that fruit growth in the first 3-4 weeks resulted primarily from cell division, whereas the subsequent growth is mainly based on cell enlargement (37). It was also recently shown that the major cell division period in "Braeburn" apple fruit occurs in the first 3-4 weeks after pollination (38). In this respect, the Northern data indicates that the MdPin1 expression is associated with cell division in apple fruit development.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 64%

Functional Conservation of Phosphorylation-specific Prolyl Isomerases in Plants

Yao¹,

Kops²,

Lu³

et al. 2001

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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The phosphorylation-specific peptidyl prolyl cis/trans isomerase (PPIase) Pin1 in humans and its homologues in yeast and animal species play an important role in cell cycle regulation. These PPIases consist of an NH 2 -terminal WW domain that binds to specific phosphoserine-or phosphothreonine-proline motifs present in a subset of phosphoproteins and a COOH-terminal PPIase domain that specifically isomerizes the phosphorylated serine/threonine-proline peptide bonds. Here, we describe the isolation of MdPin1, a Pin1 homologue from the plant species apple (Malus domestica) and show that it has the same phosphorylation-specific substrate specificity and can be inhibited by juglone in vitro, as is the case for Pin1. A search in the plant expressed sequence tag data bases reveals that the Pin1-type PPIases are present in various plants, and there are multiple genes in one organism, such as soybean (Glycine max) and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum). Furthermore, all these plant Pin1-type PPIases, including AtPin1 in Arabidopsis thaliana, do not have a WW domain, but all contain a four-amino acid insertion next to the phosphospecific recognition site of the active site. Interestingly, like Pin1, both MdPin1 and AtPin1 are able to rescue the lethal mitotic phenotype of a temperature-sensitive mutation in the Pin1 homologue ESS1/PTF1 gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. However, deleting the extra four amino acid residues abolished the ability of AtPin1 to rescue the yeast mutation under non-overexpression conditions, indicating that these extra amino acids may be important for mediating the substrate interaction of plant enzymes. Finally, expression of MdPin1 is tightly associated with cell division both during apple fruit development in vivo and during cell cultures in vitro. These results have demonstrated that phosphorylationspecific PPIases are highly conserved functionally in yeast, animal, and plant species. Furthermore, the experiments suggest that although plant Pin1-type enzymes do not have a WW domain, they may fulfill the same functions as Pin1 and its homologues do in other organisms.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 64%

Functional Conservation of Phosphorylation-specific Prolyl Isomerases in Plants

Yao¹,

Kops²,

Lu³

et al. 2001

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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“…found little degradation of hemicellulose and cellulose in apples during 6 months of storage. This is reflected in studies where the molecular weight of xyloglucan (predominant hemicellulose polymer in fruits) remained constant, and the activities of xyloglucan modifying enzymes such as xyloglucan endotransglycosylase (XET) and cellulase decreased during softening (Abeles & Biles 1991;Percy et al 1996Percy et al , 1997. It is possible that minimal depolymerisation of hemicellulose during apple ripening may impose the partial softening trait of this fruit.…”

mentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Yoshioka et al (1992) suggested that Percy et al (1996) Abeles& Biles (1991) *In vivo substrates and sites of action are yet to be confirmed, as there is some suggestion that P-galactosidase may also have associated a-L-arabinopyranosidase and P-D-fucosidase activities (Dick et al 1990). '''This is isozyme dependent, as one isozyme increased, while three isozymes decreased, during ripening in apples (Yoshioka et al 1995).…”

Section: Cell Wallmentioning

confidence: 99%

Postharvest softening of apple (Malus domestica) fruit: A review

Johnston

Hewett²,

Hertog

2002

New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science

207

136

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Postharvest softening of apple (Malus domestica (Borkh.)) fruit is a serious problem for growers in many countries, including New Zealand. To reduce this problem considerable research has been undertaken to determine the biological causes of softening so that this process can be managed or controlled more effectively. This review describes the pattern of softening for harvested apple fruit, and how it is influenced by different preharvest, atharvest, and postharvest factors. Information is also given on the likely physiological and biochemical causes of apple softening, such as fruit anatomy and cell packing, modification of the cell wall and membranes, changes in cell turgor, and the role of ethylene and other growth regulators. Despite many softening studies, there is still a poor understanding of what causes firmness variation in the marketplace. Until this understanding is improved, apple producers will continue to struggle to meet market requirements for texture.

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“…deliciosa cv. Hayward), a large peak and small peak of XET activity appeared at the stage of fruit expansion and softening, respectively (Percy et al 1996).…”

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confidence: 99%

Alteration of fruit characteristics in transgenic tomatoes with modified expression of a xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase gene

Ohba

Takahashi

Asada

2011

Plant Biotechnology

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Some cell wall enzymes of the xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase (XTH) family catalyze molecular grafting between xyloglucan molecules. In tomato, 25 genes for XTH proteins have been identified. We studied the tomato gene SlXTH1, which has highest homology to the cDNA of the XTH first purified from hypocotyls of Vigna angularis. SlXTH1 mRNA was found to accumulate transiently at an early stage of fruit development, and the peak day of accumulation was about 12 days after pollination. The expression profile of SlXTH1 mRNA was roughly associated with that of the reported enzyme activity, suggesting that the SlXTH1 protein may be one of the main determinants of the enzyme activity. We then examined how alteration of expression of the SlXTH1 gene could influence the characteristics of fruits. Several lines of transgenic tomatoes with different levels of SlXTH1 transcript were produced by introducing a SlXTH1 transgene in either the sense or antisense orientation downstream of a constitutive promoter. In these transgenic tomatoes, fruit size was positively correlated with the level of SlXTH1 transcript, which was monitored at its peak stage. This is the first in vivo demonstration that SlXTH1 can control the morphological character of plants through changes in its level of expression.

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Xyloglucan endotransglycosylase activity during fruit development and ripening of apple and kiwifruit

Cited by 14 publications

References 0 publications

Functional Conservation of Phosphorylation-specific Prolyl Isomerases in Plants

Functional Conservation of Phosphorylation-specific Prolyl Isomerases in Plants

Postharvest softening of apple (Malus domestica) fruit: A review

Alteration of fruit characteristics in transgenic tomatoes with modified expression of a xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase gene

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