Xyloglucan Metabolism Differentially Impacts the Cell Wall Characteristics of the Endosperm and Embryo during Arabidopsis Seed Germination

Sechet, Julien; Frey, Anne; Effroy-Cuzzi, Delphine; Berger, Adeline; Perreau, François; Cueff, Gwendal; Charif, Delphine; Rajjou, Loïc; Mouille, Grégory; North, Helen; Marion‐Poll, Annie

doi:10.1104/pp.15.01312

Cited by 47 publications

(63 citation statements)

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“…This mutant, named xyl1‐4 had a G to A substitution typical of EMS mutation in the XYL1 gene, which created a premature stop codon (Figure E). The T‐DNA insertion mutant xyl1‐2 (Figure E) also showed PAC‐resistant germination and reduced dormancy, confirming the role of XYL1 as a negative regulator of seed germination (Sechet et al ).…”

Section: Seed Germinationsupporting

confidence: 72%

“…Mutant analyses have highlighted the significant role of the α‐xylosidase XYL1 in XyG biosynthesis in seeds and its contribution to germination control. Through the screening of an EMS (ethyl methanesulfonate)‐mutagenized population, an Arabidopsis mutant exhibiting PAC (paclobutrazol, a gibberellin (GA) inhibitor)‐resistant germination and reduced dormancy was isolated (Sechet et al ). These phenotypes are similar to those reported for the abscisic acid (ABA)‐deficient mutants (North et al ).…”

Section: Seed Germinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These results suggest that appropriate trimming of XyG precursors by XYL1 is critical for the synthesis and maturation of more branched XyG, which supposedly enhance the mechanical resistance of the cell walls, thereby suppressing germination (Figure F). Mutations in the β‐galactosidase ( bgal10‐1 , bgal10‐2 ) and α‐fucosidase ( axy8‐1 , axy8‐2 , axy8‐5 , axy8‐6 ) genes do not cause enhanced germination phenotypes (Sechet et al ). Therefore, α‐xylosidase seems to play a specific role in seed dormancy and germination, although possible redundancy in the β‐galactosidase ( BGAL10 ) and α‐fucosidase ( AXY8 ) gene families has to be addressed before making the conclusion.…”

Section: Seed Germinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While the activity of the XYL1 promoter was detected throughout the embryo and the endosperm of developing and imbibed Arabidopsis seeds (Sechet et al ), the major function of XYL1 , in terms of germination control, appears to reside in the endosperm. The expression of XYL1 using the endosperm‐specific promoter of the extensin gene AtEPR1 (Dubreucq et al ) was sufficient to complement the xyl1‐2 mutation and restore seed dormancy (Sechet et al ). The localization of the complementation effect is not specifically discussed in the original paper.…”

Section: Seed Germinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seed germination and dormancy: The classic story, new puzzles, and evolution

Nonogaki¹

2019

JIPB

142

141

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This review highlights recent progresses in seed germination and dormancy research. Research on the weakening of the endosperm during germination, which is almost a classic theme in seed biology, was resumed by α‐xylosidase studies. Strong genetic evidence was presented to suggest that the quality control of xyloglucan biosynthesis in the endosperm (and the embryo) plays a critical role in germination. Further analyses on the endosperm and the adjacent layers have suggested that the cutin coat in the endosperm‐testa interphase negatively affects germination while the endosperm‐embryo interphase produces a sheath that facilitates germination. These progresses significantly advanced our understanding of seed germination mechanisms. A breakthrough in dormancy research, on the other hand, revealed the unique abscisic acid signaling pathway that is regulated by DELAY OF GERMINATION1 (DOG1). The detailed analysis of DOG1 expression uncovered the intriguing story of reciprocal regulation of the sense‐antisense pair, which generated new questions. Recent studies also suggested that the DOG1 function is not limited to dormancy but extended through general seed maturation, which provokes questions about the evolution of DOG1 family proteins. Seed biology is becoming more exciting with the classic stories being revitalized and new puzzles emerging from the frontier.

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Section: Seed Germinationsupporting

confidence: 72%

Section: Seed Germinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Seed Germinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Seed Germinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seed germination and dormancy: The classic story, new puzzles, and evolution

Nonogaki¹

2019

JIPB

142

141

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“…Absence of any of them blocks the process and results in significant changes in xyloglucan composition, suggesting that chain trimming by exoglycosidases is normally quite extensive. Mutants in genes encoding these enzymes show growth defects, particularly evident in silique elongation, and additionally, xyl1 mutants show improved germination under various conditions (Sampedro et al, 2010(Sampedro et al, , 2012Sechet et al, 2016). The basis of these phenotypes is not yet understood.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Soluble and Membrane-Bound β-Glucosidases Are Involved in Trimming the Xyloglucan Backbone

et al. 2016

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ORCID IDs: 0000-0002-6534-5347 (J.S.); 0000-0001-6773-0583 (E.R.V.); 0000-0001-9053-4134 (N.I.); 0000-0002-2150-8538 (G.R.); 0000-0001-7203-0688 (I.Z.).In many flowering plants, xyloglucan is a major component of primary cell walls, where it plays an important role in growth regulation. Xyloglucan can be degraded by a suite of exoglycosidases that remove specific sugars. In this work, we show that the xyloglucan backbone, formed by (1→4)-linked b-D-glucopyranosyl residues, can be attacked by two different Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) b-glucosidases from glycoside hydrolase family 3. While BGLC1 (At5g20950; for b-glucosidase active against xyloglucan 1) is responsible for all or most of the soluble activity, BGLC3 (At5g04885) is usually a membraneanchored protein. Mutations in these two genes, whether on their own or combined with mutations in other exoglycosidase genes, resulted in the accumulation of partially digested xyloglucan subunits, such as GXXG, GXLG, or GXFG. While a mutation in BGLC1 had significant effects on its own, lack of BGLC3 had only minor effects. On the other hand, double bglc1 bglc3 mutants revealed a synergistic interaction that supports a role for membrane-bound BGLC3 in xyloglucan metabolism. In addition, bglc1 bglc3 was complemented by overexpression of either BGLC1 or BGLC3. In overexpression lines, BGLC3 activity was concentrated in a microsome-enriched fraction but also was present in soluble form. Finally, both genes were generally expressed in the same cell types, although, in some cases, BGLC3 was expressed at earlier stages than BGLC1. We propose that functional specialization could explain the separate localization of both enzymes, as a membrane-bound b-glucosidase could specifically digest soluble xyloglucan without affecting the wall-bound polymer.

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DELLAs directed gibberellins responses orchestrate crop development: A brief review

et al. 2023

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Gibberellins (GAs) are a pervasive group of diterpene phytohormones. They can dominate various aspects of plant development and modulate plant phenotypic plasticity by crosstalking with multiple phytohormones. Studies on GA signaling illustrate that master negative regulator DELLA proteins regulate GAs and nearly all phytohormones’ growth responses to sustain plant growth and defense under relentless biotic and abiotic stresses. The molecular mechanism of DELLA proteins in regulating GA‐sensitive growth in an integrated manner with multiple phytohormones became apparent recently. These studies describe the interaction of interaction DELLA proteins with a diverse group of transcriptional regulators and factors as well as nontranscriptional proteins in directing GA‐stimulated plant growth. In this review, we address the extensive recent work to delineate DELLA proteins and their interacting partners and summarize the latest evidence that DELLA proteins have a unique function in suppressing the GA‐related responses to sustain the tension among growth and defense.

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Xyloglucan Metabolism Differentially Impacts the Cell Wall Characteristics of the Endosperm and Embryo during Arabidopsis Seed Germination

Cited by 47 publications

References 57 publications

Seed germination and dormancy: The classic story, new puzzles, and evolution

Seed germination and dormancy: The classic story, new puzzles, and evolution

Soluble and Membrane-Bound β-Glucosidases Are Involved in Trimming the Xyloglucan Backbone

DELLAs directed gibberellins responses orchestrate crop development: A brief review

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