Xylopia aethiopica suppresses markers of oxidative stress, inflammation, and cell death in the brain of Wistar rats exposed to glyphosate

Abstract

Background: The herbicide "Roundup" is used extensively in agriculture to control weeds. However, by translocation, it can be deposited in plants, their proceeds, and in the soil, thus provoking organ toxicities in exposed individuals. Neurotoxicity among others is one of the side effects of roundup which has led to an increasing global concern about the contamination of food by herbicides. Xylopia aethiopicais known to have medicinal properties due to its antioxidative and anti-in ammatory properties, it is hypothesized to neutralize roundup-induced neurotoxicity.Methods: Thirty-six (36) Wistar rats were used for this study. The animals were shared equally into six groups with six rats each. Glyphosate administration to three of the six groups was done orally and for one week. Either Xylopia aethiopicaor vitamin C was co-administered to two of the three groups and also administered to two other groups and the nal group served as the control.Results: Our studies demonstrated that glyphosate administration led to a signi cant decrease in antioxidants such as catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione, and glutathione peroxidase. We also observed a signi cant increase in in ammatory markers such as tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin 6, C-reactive protein and immunohistochemical expression of caspase-3, cox-2 and p53 proteins (p < 0.05). However, Xylopia aethiopica co-administration with glyphosate was able to ameliorate the aforementioned changes when compared to the control (p < 0.05). Degenerative changes were also observed in the cerebellum, hippocampus, and cerebral cortex upon glyphosate administration. These changes were not observed in the groups treated with Xylopia aethiopica and vitamin C. Conclusion: Taken together, Xylopia aethiopica could possess anti-oxidative and anti-in ammatory properties that could be used in combating glyphosate neurotoxicity.

High methionine diet mediated oxidative stress and proteasome impairment causes toxicity in liver

“…Histological examination of liver sections in high methionine rats showed marked alterations in the liver tissue, as inflammatory cells infiltration, ballooned hepathocytes, necrosis and sinusoid hemorrhage. These observations are similar to others 27 , 28 . Furthermore, altered liver structure confirmed the release of hepatic proteins in plasma as outlined above.…”

“…These alterations indicated loss in critical liver functions. Same reports 1 , 12 , 27 revealed altered liver enzymes and proteins related to hepatotoxicity during methionine caused HHcy in animals and human. It is well established that injured hepatocytes dumped their proteins content in blood in cause of altered tissue structure 27 .…”

Xylopia aethiopica Attenuates Oxidative Stress and Hepatorenal Damage in Testosterone Propionate-Induced Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia in Rats

“…5,6 Recent studies have shown that XAE has unique properties that make it useful in the management of metabolic complications. 7 The antioxidant properties of XAE are based on the rich presence of antioxidants, such as flavonoids and phenolic compounds. 7 These antioxidants help to scavenge free radicals and prevent oxidative stress, which can lead to various diseases, including cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases.…”

“…3 XAE has anti-inflammatory properties, which help to reduce inflammation in the body. 7 Chronic inflammation is associated with various diseases including cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease.…”