Y a-t-il un objet Congrès ? Le cas du Congrès international de statistique (1853-1876)

Brian, Éric

doi:10.3406/mcm.1989.975

Cited by 16 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Following preliminary ideas developed by Condorcet, he started to devote his energies to trying to assemble scholars of different backgrounds and nationalities at scientific gatherings. 28 Quetelet was surely not the first to experiment with this format, but by the mid-nineteenth century he had sufficient experience and status to act as 'first among equals' in different environments. Moreover, he was Belgian.…”

Section: Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The International Statistical Congress (1853—1876): Knowledge Transfers and their Limits

Randeraad

2011

European History Quarterly

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Between 1853 and 1876 nine international statistical congresses were held in different European cities. The aim of the congresses was to bring about uniformity in the themes and methods of national statistics. However, this goal could not be attained overnight. Much of the failure to bring about rapid change was due to the difficulties in realizing effective knowledge transfers, that is, effective communication, in an age that was not quite ready for truly international activities. It has been shown that the second half of the nineteenth century was a period of numerous experiments in internationalism, but at the same time rampant nationalism nipped many initiatives in the bud. Increasing nationalism, however, is not the only explanation for the collapse of the international statistical congress. The implicit faith in the possibility of a neutral science of statistics also created huge difficulties. Realizing statistical uniformity presupposed that the underlying facts and figures were comparable. This uniformity was far removed from the rapidly changing administrative reality in nineteenth-century Europe.

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Section: Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The International Statistical Congress (1853—1876): Knowledge Transfers and their Limits

Randeraad

2011

European History Quarterly

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“…Quetelet is credited with developing a theory of the average man in the 19th century. This theory had an extraordinary influence on statistics in the 19th century, and then in the 20th century [62]. The index numbers, from which market indices are derived, are a consequence of this theory [63].…”

Section: The Philosophy Hook: the Principle Of Continuity And The Thementioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Financial Risk Modelling Fitting the SDGs: Some Reflections

Walter

2020

Sustainability

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This article argues that any ecological finance theory devised to fit the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) needs a paradigm shift in the morphology of randomness underlying financial risk modelling, by integrating the characteristics of “nature” and sustainability into the modelling carried out. It extends the common diagnosis of the 2008 financial crisis with considerations on the morphology of randomness and the reasons why neoclassical finance theory is not sustainable from this perspective. It argues that the main problem with unsustainable neoclassical finance risk modelling is its underlying morphology of randomness that creates a dangerous risk culture. It presents Leibniz’s principle of continuity and Quetelet’s theory of average as cornerstones of classical risk culture in finance, acting as a mental model for financial experts and practitioners. It links the notion of sustainability with the morphology of randomness and presents a possible alternative approach to financial risk modelling defined by rough randomness. If morphology of randomness in nature is properly described by fractal and multifractal methods, hence ecological finance theory has to include fractal properties into financial risk models. The conclusion proposes a new agenda for future research.

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“…We still await the advent of a cognitive approach to social history. In this connection it would, I think, be particularly interesting to look at the channels of communication used to report research, 34 perhaps with some study of the sociolinguistic aspects (semantic ®eld, lexicon, etc. ), in order to shed further light on negotiations among actors.…”

Section: Concluding Thoughtsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hygiene, Population Sciences and Population Policy: a Totalitarian Menace?

Fijalkow¹

1999

Contemporary European History

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Mike Hawkins, Social Darwinism in European and American Thought 1860–1945. Nature as Model and Nature as Threat (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997), 348 pp., £19.95, ISBN 0–521–57434 X.Carl Ipsen, Dictating Demography. The Problem of Population in Fascist Italy (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996), 281 pp., £35, ISBN 0–521–15545–7.Simon Szreter, Fertility, Class and Gender in Britain 1860–1940 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1976, 704 pp., £50, ISBN 0–521–34343–7.Alain Desrosières, La politique des grands nombres, histoire de la raison statistique (Paris: La Découverte, 1993), 437 pp., FF 220; ISBN 2–707–12253–X; English translation by Camille Naish, The Politics of Large Numbers. A History of Statistical Reasoning (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1998), 416 pp., $45, ISBN 0–674–68932–1.Paul Weindling, Health, Race and German Politics between National Unification and Nazism 1870–1947 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989), 641 pp., £22.95, ISBN 0–521–42397–X; French translation by B. Frumer, L'Hygiène de la race (Paris: La Découverte, 1998), 301 pp., FF 160, ISBN 2–707–12706–X.Over the last ten years a series of social historians have published studies of the link between the definition of scientific categories and the implementation of demographic policies in Europe. This discussion of the classification of populations in terms of social class, race or location (rural, urban, underprivileged areas) has complicated the traditional theories of the scientist and politician, Max Weber, and the student of ‘bio-power’, Michel Foucault. Now, historians of political ideas are finding living examples to illustrate recent advances in the sociology of science, establishing themselves at the interface between the history of human health and that of population policies. The aim is to throw light on the exchange between scientists and population management: among the themes to be treated are natalism, populationism, hygienism and eugenics.

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Y a-t-il un objet Congrès ? Le cas du Congrès international de statistique (1853-1876)

Cited by 16 publications

References 0 publications

The International Statistical Congress (1853—1876): Knowledge Transfers and their Limits

The International Statistical Congress (1853—1876): Knowledge Transfers and their Limits

Sustainable Financial Risk Modelling Fitting the SDGs: Some Reflections

Hygiene, Population Sciences and Population Policy: a Totalitarian Menace?

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