Y-chromosome evolution: emerging insights into processes of Y-chromosome degeneration

Bachtrog, Doris

doi:10.1038/nrg3366

Cited by 763 publications

(871 citation statements)

References 110 publications

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“…HP1D2 is specifically enriched on the Y chromosome, which is, like most old Y chromosomes, heterochromatic and rich in repeated sequences (25). Other meiotic drivers are known to favor their own transmission through DNA condensation perturbation, and sometimes the interaction with a specific satellite DNA (26)(27)(28).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid evolution of a Y-chromosome heterochromatin protein underlies sex chromosome meiotic drive

Helleu

Gérard

Dubruille

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Sex chromosome meiotic drive, the non-Mendelian transmission of sex chromosomes, is the expression of an intragenomic conflict that can have extreme evolutionary consequences. However, the molecular bases of such conflicts remain poorly understood. Here, we show that a young and rapidly evolving X-linked heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1) gene, HP1D2, plays a key role in the classical Paris sex-ratio (SR) meiotic drive occurring in Drosophila simulans. Driver HP1D2 alleles prevent the segregation of the Y chromatids during meiosis II, causing female-biased sex ratio in progeny. HP1D2 accumulates on the heterochromatic Y chromosome in male germ cells, strongly suggesting that it controls the segregation of sister chromatids through heterochromatin modification. We show that Paris SR drive is a consequence of dysfunctional HP1D2 alleles that fail to prepare the Y chromosome for meiosis, thus providing evidence that the rapid evolution of genes controlling the heterochromatin structure can be a significant source of intragenomic conflicts. meiotic drive | intragenomic conflict | heterochromatin | sex chromosomes

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid evolution of a Y-chromosome heterochromatin protein underlies sex chromosome meiotic drive

Helleu

Gérard

Dubruille

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…A large number of Drosophila crosses meet all the criteria outlined in the previous paragraph; however, some species of Drosophila have a neo-Y chromosome 38 ; therefore, I only included crosses for which I could confirm the Y chromosome was degenerate. For Lepidoptera, only 11 crosses from Presgraves 36 met all criteria, 7 of which had an isolation index of 0.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Higher levels of sex chromosome heteromorphism are associated with markedly stronger reproductive isolation

Lima

2014

Nat Commun

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The two 'rules of speciation', Haldane's rule and the large X-effect, describe the genetic basis of postzygotic isolation, and have led to the realization that sex chromosomes play an important role in this process. However, a range of sex determination mechanisms exists in nature, not always involving sex chromosomes. Based on these 'rules of speciation', I test the hypothesis that the presence of sex chromosomes will contribute to a faster evolution of intrinsic postzygotic isolation. I show that taxa that do not have sex chromosomes evolve lower levels of postzygotic isolation than taxa with sex chromosomes, at a similar amount of genetic divergence. Taxa with young homomorphic sex chromosomes show an intermediate pattern compared to taxa with heteromorphic sex chromosomes and taxa without sex chromosomes. These results are consistent with predictions from the two 'rules of speciation', and emphasize the importance of sex chromosomes for the evolution of intrinsic postzygotic isolation.

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“…Close linkage to the SDR would promote the accumulation of sexually antagonistic alleles in the regions adjacent to the SDR boundary, fueling expansion of a nonrecombining portion of the Y chromosome. This process could continue until the X and Y fail to recombine over their entire lengths, leading to mutation-driven erosion of Y-linked genes, accumulation of repetitive sequences and, eventually, heteromorphism of sex chromosomes (Bachtrog, 2013). However, in many taxa cessation of recombination in sex chromosomes has not gone to completion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The sex locus is tightly linked to factors conferring sex-specific lethal effects in the mosquito Aedes aegypti

et al. 2016

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In many taxa, sex chromosomes are heteromorphic and largely non-recombining. Evolutionary models predict that spread of recombination suppression on the Y chromosome is fueled by the accumulation of sexually antagonistic alleles in close linkage to the sex determination region. However, empirical evidence for the existence of sexually antagonistic alleles is scarce. In the mosquito Aedes aegypti, the sex-determining chromosomes are homomorphic. The region of suppressed recombination, which surrounds the male-specific sex-determining gene, remains very small, despite ancient origin of the sex chromosomes in the Aedes lineage. We conducted a genetic analysis of the A. aegypti chromosome region tightly linked to the sex locus. We used a strain with an enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)-tagged transgene inserted near the male-determining gene to monitor crossing-over events close to the boundary of the sex-determining region (SDR), and to trace the inheritance pattern of the transgene in relation to sex. In a series of crossing experiments involving individuals with a recombinant sex chromosome we found developmental abnormalities leading to 1:2 sex biases, caused by lethality of half of the male or female progeny. Our results suggest that various factors causing sex-specific lethal effects are clustered within the neighborhood of the SDR, which in the affected sex are likely lost or gained through recombination, leading to death. These may include genes that are recessive lethal, vital for development and/or sexually antagonistic. The sex chromosome fragment in question represents a fascinating test case for the analysis of processes that shape stable boundaries of a non-recombining region.

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Y-chromosome evolution: emerging insights into processes of Y-chromosome degeneration

Cited by 763 publications

References 110 publications

Rapid evolution of a Y-chromosome heterochromatin protein underlies sex chromosome meiotic drive

Rapid evolution of a Y-chromosome heterochromatin protein underlies sex chromosome meiotic drive

Higher levels of sex chromosome heteromorphism are associated with markedly stronger reproductive isolation

The sex locus is tightly linked to factors conferring sex-specific lethal effects in the mosquito Aedes aegypti

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