Y Chromosomes of 40% Chinese Descend from Three Neolithic Super-Grandfathers

Shi, Yan; Wang, Chuan‐Chao; Zheng, Hou-Feng; Wang, Wei; Qin, Zhaoyu; Wei, Lan‐Hai; Wang, Yi; Pan, Xuedong; Fu, Wenqing; He, Yungang; Xiong, Lijun; Jin, Wenfei; Li, Shilin; An, Yu; Li, Hui; Li, Jin

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0105691

Cited by 91 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…In total, five parallel SNPs (F48, F209, F2887, F3386 and F1739) were assigned to downstream the O-F46 branch, the star-like structure of the O-F46 lineage indicating a male population expansion in East Asia. 23 The STR data (Supplementary Table S2) allowed us to estimate the coalescence times of the O-F444 subclades in East Asians. Despite long-standing debates about the accuracy of STRs for time estimation, 25,26 the times proposed here provide at least a frame of reference (Table 1), more accurate times will be confirmed in further study on dense sequencing.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The TMRCA (time of most recent common ancestor) of the O-F46 lineage estimated was 7.76 ± 1.32 kya, which was within the time estimated from high-throughput sequencing on Y chromosomes SNPs. 23 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…23 So far, estimation of TMRCA was performed following the stepwise model, a model fit well for Y STRs. However, owing to the uncertainty mutation rate for STR markers and possible deviation from stepwise model, the time estimated from STRs should be regarded just as a reference, despite its prevalence in time calculation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The estimated TMRCA of the O-F46 lineage was 7.76 ± 1.32 kya, which is a little different but within the time estimated from high-throughput sequencing of Y-chromosome SNPs. 23 This date is a little after the shift from a hunter-gather subsistence to intensive agriculture, for example, the Yangshao Culture (6.9-4.9 kya) in the Central Yellow Basin, and the Majiayao Culture (6.0-4.9 kya) in the Upper Yellow River Basin. 30 Yan et al 23 suggested that crop harvests may have provided a more stable source of food than hunting and gathering, enabling populations to reach greater densities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…22 New data from high-throughput sequencing allowed the identification of more explicit branching structure within the entire Y-chromosome tree. 23 More than 200 potential single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of haplogroup O-M134 were discovered by hybridization capture and Illumina sequencing of 22 Han Chinese male Y chromosomes. 23 Using 10 SNPs (F444, F629, F3451, F46, F48, F209, F2887, F3386, F1739 and F152), we genotyped 41300 Chinese males and updated the phylogenetic structure of haplogroup O-M134.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Refined phylogenetic structure of an abundant East Asian Y-chromosomal haplogroup O*-M134

et al. 2015

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The human Y-chromosome haplogroup O-M134 is one of the most abundant paternal lineages in East Asian populations, comprising~13% of Han Chinese males, and also common in Kazakh, Korean, Japanese, Thai and so on. Despite its considerable prevalence, its current substructure is poorly resolved with only one downstream marker (M117) previously investigated. Here we address this deficiency by investigating some single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) previously reported being potentially associated with O-M134 based on high-throughput DNA-sequencing data. Using a panel of 1301 Chinese males we first identified 154 haplogroup O-M134 subjects. We then investigated the phylogenetic structure within this haplogroup using 10 SNPs (F444, F629, F3451, F46, F48, F209, F2887, F3386, F1739 and F152). Two major branches were identified, O-M117 and O-F444 and the latter was further divided into two main subclades, O-F629 and O-F3451, accounting for 10.84 and 0.92% of the Han Chinese, respectively. This update of O-M134 diversification permits better resolution of male lineages in population studies of East Asia.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Refined phylogenetic structure of an abundant East Asian Y-chromosomal haplogroup O*-M134

et al. 2015

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Paternal origin of Tungusic‐speaking populations: Insights from the updated phylogenetic tree of Y‐chromosome haplogroup C2a‐M86

Liu

Wang

et al. 2020

American J Hum Biol

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Objectives Haplogroup C2a‐M48 is the predominant paternal lineage of Tungusic‐speaking populations, one of the largest population groups in Siberia. Up until now, the origins and dispersal of Tungusic‐speaking populations have remained unclear. In this study, the demographic history of Tungusic‐speaking populations was explored using the phylogenetic analysis of haplogroup C2a‐M86, the major subbranch of C2a‐M48. Materials and methods In total, 18 newly generated Y chromosome sequences from C2a‐M48 males and 20 previously available Y‐chromosome sequences from this haplogroup were analyzed. A highly revised phylogenetic tree of haplogroup C2a‐M86 with age estimates was reconstructed. Frequencies of this lineage in the literature were collected and a comprehensive analysis of this lineage in 13 022 individuals from 245 populations in Eurasia was performed. Results The distribution map of C2a‐M48 indicated the most probable area of origin and diffusion route of this paternal lineage in North Eurasia. Most C2a‐M86 samples from Tungusic‐speaking populations belonged to the sublineage C2a‐F5484, which emerged about 3300 years ago. We identified six unique sublineages corresponding to the Manchu, Evenks, Evens, Oroqen, and Daurpopulations; these sublineages diverged gradually over the past 1900 years. Notably, we observed a clear north‐south dichotomous structure for sublineages derived from C2a‐F5484, consistent with the internal north‐south divergence of Tungusic languages and ethnic groups. Conclusions We identified the important founding paternal haplogroup, C2a‐F5484, for Tungusic‐speaking populations as well as numerous unique subgroups of this haplogroup. We propose that the timeframe for the divergence of C2a‐F5484 corresponds with the early differentiation of ancestral Tungusic‐speaking populations.

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Paternal gene pool of Malays in Southeast Asia and its applications for the early expansion of Austronesians

Sun

Wei

Wang³

et al. 2020

American J Hum Biol

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Objectives The origin and differentiation of Austronesian populations and their languages have long fascinated linguists, archeologists, and geneticists. However, the founding process of Austronesians and when they separated from their close relatives, such as the Daic and Austro‐Asiatic populations in the mainland of Asia, remain unclear. In this study, we explored the paternal origin of Malays in Southeast Asia and the early differentiation of Austronesians. Materials and Methods We generated whole Y‐chromosome sequences of 50 Malays and co‐analyzed 200 sequences from other Austronesians and related populations. We generated a revised phylogenetic tree with time estimation. Results We identified six founding paternal lineages among the studied Malays samples. These founding lineages showed a surprisingly coincident expansion age at 5000 to 6000 years ago. We also found numerous mostly close related samples of the founding lineages of Malays among populations from Mainland of Asia. Conclusion Our analyses provided a refined phylogenetic resolution for the dominant paternal lineages of Austronesians found by previous studies. We suggested that the co‐expansion of numerous founding paternal lineages corresponds to the initial differentiation of the most recent common ancestor of modern Austronesians. The splitting time and divergence pattern in perspective of paternal Y‐chromosome evidence are highly consistent with the previous theories of ethnologists, linguists, and archeologists.

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Y Chromosomes of 40% Chinese Descend from Three Neolithic Super-Grandfathers

Cited by 91 publications

References 71 publications

Refined phylogenetic structure of an abundant East Asian Y-chromosomal haplogroup O*-M134

Refined phylogenetic structure of an abundant East Asian Y-chromosomal haplogroup O*-M134

Paternal origin of Tungusic‐speaking populations: Insights from the updated phylogenetic tree of Y‐chromosome haplogroup C2a‐M86

Paternal gene pool of Malays in Southeast Asia and its applications for the early expansion of Austronesians

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