microrobots, [3] artificial organs, [4] metamaterials, [5][6][7] and bioinspired materials. [8][9][10] Direct ink writing (DIW) is an accessible AM technique, relying on the design freedom of ink compositions and relatively inexpensive extrusion systems. However, the DIW method has difficulty in printing complicated and high-precision 3D structures, especially trusses that overhang parallel to the print surface. It is a viable alternative to preprint sacrificial scaffolds as templates to duplicate structures that could not otherwise be printed directly. Unfortunately, the resolution of most components printed through the DIW method is still too low to prepare functional microstructures.Hydrogels are hydrophilic polymer networks connected by physical and covalent crosslinks. Due to their high water content and viscoelastic properties, rational network design can generate significant volumetric change. [11,12] Thus, using synthetic hydrogels as sacrificial templates allows for building micro-objects by volume shrinkage. [13,14] Recent works have focused on light-curing polymer templates, [15,16] while the removal of these templates requires high-temperature treatment [17,18] or toxic solvents. [19,20] Printing high-volume change hydrogel templates with DIW methods for fabricating microstructures is also promising but remains largely unexplored.Here, we report a new AM strategy named "indirect desiccation fabrication (iDF)", which can create complicated 3D microarchitectures at the macroscopic level through controlled desiccation of DIW-printed sacrificial hydrogel scaffolds followed by infilling and solidifying objective inks (Figure 1a). Firstly, a commercial polyacrylate gel with high water content (99.5 wt.%) is applied to prepare the sacrificial scaffolds. By controlling the desiccation process, the printed hydrogel scaffolds display homogeneous shrinkage with the highest shrinking percent of ≈99.5% in volume, achieving high resolution of the resulting 3D architectures. As proofof-concept demonstrations, we built a liquid-metal-based 3D circuit and nanocomposite-based magnetic microrobot by this iDF method, indicating its capability to fabricate functional and complex 3D architectures with micron-level resolution from different material systems. We expect this technique to be a practical route to generating advanced materials for diverse applications.Additive manufacturing (AM) is the key to creating a wide variety of 3D structures with unique and programmable functionalities. Direct ink writing is one of the widely used AM technologies with numerous printable materials. However, the extrude-based method is limited by low fabrication resolution, which is confined to printing macrostructures. Herein, a new AM strategy is reported, using a low-cost extrusion 3D printer, to create 3D microarchitectures at the macroscopic level through controlled desiccation of preprinted hydrogel scaffolds followed by infilling objective components. A printable hydrogel with a high-water content ensures maximum shrinkage (≈99.5% i...