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Abstract

Nanocochleate is a novel lipid-based drug delivery system in which the liposomal vesicles are converted into nanocochleate by the addition of Calcium divalent cation. This technology involves encochleation of the drug for overcoming problems such as poor solubility, poor permeability, and poor oral bioavailability. This novel lipid-based formulation approach is applicable for the category of drugs like BCS class III drugs, BCS class IV drugs. Applications of this technology can also be extended to macromolecules as well as small molecule drugs that are lipophilic with poor oral bioavailability. It is appropriate for oral as well as systemic administration of biologically active molecules, including drugs, genes, proteins, peptides, and vaccine antigens. This article covers multiple aspects of Nanocochleate drug delivery system, such as its definition, composition, method of preparation, and mechanism of permeation. The article also elaborates on various advantages, disadvantages, and applications of Nanocochleate drug delivery system. The article highlights the potential of this novel system for oral as well as systemic delivery of chemical and biological drug products. INTRODUCTION:Successful delivery of biological molecule-based pharmaceutical products is primarily determined by its ability to cross the various barriers in the human body. Various barriers encountered by the delivery system include enzymatic barriers, intestinal epithelial barriers, capillary endothelial barriers, blood-brain barrier (BBB) 1 . The Oral route is the most common and acceptable route for drug delivery due to advantages such as high patient compliance, non-invasiveness, convenience, and acceptability. However, it is challenging to deliver biological molecules like protein and peptides, vaccines, genes, etc. by oral route due to reasons such as: