Yang–mills Gravity in Flat Space–time Ii: Gravitational Radiations and Lee–yang Force for Accelerated Cosmic Expansion

Hsu, Jong-Ping

doi:10.1142/s0217751x0904765x

Cited by 12 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…To successfully quantize φ µν a particular gauge must be chosen and imposed via a gauge fixing term in L φ . 6 Since we are not discussing the quantum aspects of YMG in this paper we decline to choose a gauge to make the equations a little bit simpler. Insisting that Eq.…”

Section: Yang-mills Gravitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Recombination of H and He in Yang–Mills Gravity

Katz

2015

Int. J. Mod. Phys. A

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We investigate some aspects of the thermal history of the early universe according to Yang-Mills Gravity (YMG); a gauge theory of gravity set in flat spacetime. Specifically, equations for the ionization fractions of hydrogen and singly ionized helium during the recombination epoch are deduced analytically and then solved numerically. By considering several approximations we find that the presence of primordial helium and its interaction with Lyman series photons has a much stronger effect on the overall free electron density in YMG than it does in the standard, General Relativity (GR) based, model. Compared to the standard model recombination happens over a much larger range of temperatures, although there is still a very sharp temperature of last scattering around 2000 K. The ionization history of the universe is not directly observable, but knowledge of it is necessary for CMB power spectrum calculations. Such calculations will provide another rigorous test of YMG and will be explored in detail in an upcoming paper.

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Section: Yang-mills Gravitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Recombination of H and He in Yang–Mills Gravity

Katz

2015

Int. J. Mod. Phys. A

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“…In the second order approximation, it correctly predicts the perihelion shift of Mercury and the gravitational quadrupole radiation of binary pulsars. 13 Furthermore, Yang-Mills gravity allows a quantum theory of gravity to be formulated and Feynman-Dyson rules for the gravitational tensor fields and the associated 'ghost particles' 13 to be derived, as we will show in chapters 10 and 11. Thus, Yang-Mills gravity brings the gravitational interaction back into the experimentally established arena of gauge fields based on flat space-time.…”

Section: -3 Quantum Yang-mills Gravitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Front Matter

Hsu¹,

Hsu²

2013

Advanced Series on Theoretical Physical Science

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Printed in Singapore PrefaceIt began with the idea that the four-dimensional space-time for inertial frames could be formulated solely on the basis of a single postulate, i.e., the principle of relativity for physical laws. This idea, named 'taiji relativity,' was stimulated by a university term paper by one of the authors (LH) and discussed in the book A Broader View of Relativity. Although this foundational idea in and of itself was not new, it turned out that the framework of taiji relativity could also be generalized to derive explicit space-time transformations for non-inertial frames that simplified to the Lorentz transformations in the limit of zero acceleration, something never before accomplished. The taiji framework also supported the quantization of the physical fields of the strong and electroweak interactions, as well as all established conservation laws. Thus, with faith in the Yang-Mills idea and taiji relativity, it was not unreasonable to think that such a framework might also accommodate the gravitational interaction. This idea was additionally bolstered by the fact that conservation of energy and momentum is a consequence of the space-time translational symmetry of the action for a physical system, and that the energy-momentum tensor might be related to the source of the gravitational field.The idea that translational symmetry in flat space-time could be the gauge symmetry for gravitational potential fields has emerged slowly. At present, such an idea is unorthodox and is definitely a minority viewpoint, but it is an extremely intriguing one! Why should gauge symmetry in flat space-time be so successful for modeling all known interactions except gravity?At first, deriving field equations and an equation of motion for classical objects that were logically and experimentally consistent seemed an insurmountable difficulty. Enlightenment came from the observation that, in the classical limit, translational gauge symmetry requires that all wave equations (with the exception of the gravitational wave equation) reduce to Hamilton-Jacobi type equations with an effective Riemannian metric tensor. In other words, even though the underlying physical space-time is flat, all objects behave as if they were in a curved space-time.Many more years of search and research finally resulted in the discovery of a gauge invariant action within a generalized Yang-Mills framework that was consistent with all classical tests of gravity. Almost all the advantages of the YangMills idea were then available to tackle such a quantum gravity, except that the gravitational coupling constant was not dimensionless. Space-Time Symmetry and Quantum Yang-Mills GravityEinstein's theory of gravity is formulated in the more complicated framework of curved space-time and as such appears to be too general to be compatible with the quantization of fields and the conservation of energymomentum. Yang-Mills gravity represents an alternative approach that brings gravity back into the arena of gauge fields in flat space-time, in which the ...

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“…From the previous discussion, it is clear that not all of the quantities we call "fundamental physical constants" are alike. Levy-Leblond [16] grouped the fundamental physical constants into two categories, 1) constants characterizing whole classes of physical phenomena (such as the electric charge e and the universal gravitational constant [17][18][19] G), and 2) universal constants (such as c and h) which act as concept or theory synthesizers (for example, Planck's constant h synthesizes the concepts of momentum and wavelength through the relation p = h/λ).…”

Section: Status Of Fundamental Constantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although it plays the role of coupling constant for the gravitational force, because it is not dimensionless (in natural units, it is expressed in units of s 2 ), one might consider the gravitational constant to be units-dependent and hence, not inherent in nature. Until a satisfactory quantum theory of gravity is formulated, it may remain a bit of a mystery as to why G seems not be a fundamental constant by this criterion [17][18][19]23].…”

Section: Status Of Fundamental Constantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The physical basis of natural units and truly fundamental constants

Hsu

2012

Eur. Phys. J. Plus

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Abstract. The natural unit system, in which the value of fundamental constants such as c andh are set equal to one and all quantities are expressed in terms of a single unit, is usually introduced as a calculational convenience. However, we demonstrate that this system of natural units has a physical justification as well. We discuss and review the natural units, including definitions for each of the seven base units in the International System of Units (SI) in terms of a single unit. We also review the fundamental constants, which can be classified as units-dependent or units-independent. Units-independent constants, whose values are not determined by human conventions of units, may be interpreted as inherent constants of nature.

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Yang–mills Gravity in Flat Space–time Ii: Gravitational Radiations and Lee–yang Force for Accelerated Cosmic Expansion

Cited by 12 publications

References 22 publications

Recombination of H and He in Yang–Mills Gravity

Recombination of H and He in Yang–Mills Gravity

Front Matter

The physical basis of natural units and truly fundamental constants

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