Year 100 of the American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene: A Remarkable Year

Rosenthal, Philip J.

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.20-1504

Cited by 1 publication

(5 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…[ 23 , 24 ] A cross-sectional study performed in midwestern Brazil after the first epidemic peak of COVID-19 showed that 18.75% of leprosy patients developed viral infection. [ 4 ] The initial studies were likely biased by the phase of the pandemic and the local infection rate. Our study showed a COVID-19 incidence of 29.20% in leprosy patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A previous study showed that IL-6 and IL-12B inflammatory mediators were chronically elevated in leprosy patients who developed COVID-19. [ 4 ] Leprosy patients represent a vulnerable population that needs attention. [ 30 , 31 ]…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 3 ] Preliminary data suggested that coinfection could result in a higher incidence of leprosy reactions. [ 4 ]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Immune mediators, such as tumour necrosis factor (TNF), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-12, are essential for disease control but are also responsible for neural damage. [ 4 ] In contrast, patients who initiate a humoral Th2-based response develop diffuse and infiltrative diseases. Patients who initiate immune responses between these extremes may have a variety of clinical presentations, which are referred to as borderline forms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…leprae coinfection was followed by intense IL-6- and IL-12-dependent responses, but the clinical presentations of both diseases were not changed. [ 4 ]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The influence of leprosy-related clinical and epidemiological variables in the occurrence and severity of COVID-19: A prospective real-world cohort study

et al. 2021

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Background Protective effects of Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccination and clofazimine and dapsone treatment against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection have been reported. Patients at risk for leprosy represent an interesting model for assessing the effects of these therapies on the occurrence and severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We assessed the influence of leprosy-related variables in the occurrence and severity of COVID-19. Methodology/Principal findings We performed a 14-month prospective real-world cohort study in which the main risk factor was 2 previous vaccinations with BCG and the main outcome was COVID-19 detection by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). A Cox proportional hazards model was used. Among the 406 included patients, 113 were diagnosed with leprosy. During follow-up, 69 (16.99%) patients contracted COVID-19. Survival analysis showed that leprosy was associated with COVID-19 (p<0.001), but multivariate analysis showed that only COVID-19-positive household contacts (hazard ratio (HR) = 8.04; 95% CI = 4.93–13.11) and diabetes mellitus (HR = 2.06; 95% CI = 1.04–4.06) were significant risk factors for COVID-19. Conclusions/Significance Leprosy patients are vulnerable to COVID-19 because they have more frequent contact with SARS-CoV-2-infected patients, possibly due to social and economic limitations. Our model showed that the use of corticosteroids, thalidomide, pentoxifylline, clofazimine, or dapsone or BCG vaccination did not affect the occurrence or severity of COVID-19.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 3 ] Preliminary data suggested that coinfection could result in a higher incidence of leprosy reactions. [ 4 ]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…leprae coinfection was followed by intense IL-6- and IL-12-dependent responses, but the clinical presentations of both diseases were not changed. [ 4 ]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations