Year long monitoring of indoor air quality and ventilation in school classrooms in Victoria, Australia

Ventilation and thermal conditions in secondary schools in the Netherlands: Effects of COVID-19 pandemic control and prevention measures

“…Before the lockdown, the average VR P in the classrooms (4.6-64.1 l/ s/p) was higher than the results reported in a number of recent studies (0.8-12.0 l/s/p) [54][55][56], yet for 13%, 45%, and 65% of the classrooms the average VR p did not fulfill the level C, B, and A of the Dutch Fresh Schools guidelines, respectively. It should be noted that level B corresponds with the minimum requirement of the Dutch Building Decree (8.5 l/s/p) (Table 3).…”

“…The classrooms were used with normal occupancy (7-29 students, mean 17 students) and with windows and doors opened. The average indoor CO 2 concentration spanned a range (458-1255 ppm) similar to several recent field studies [39,43,54], but lower than those measured in studies conducted during the previously non-pandemic era (600-2500 ppm) [4].…”

Assessment of indoor air quality and risk of COVID-19 infection in Spanish secondary school and university classrooms

“…Other harmful pollutants may also be present in these environments, e.g ., ozone (O 3 ), nitrogen oxides (NO x ), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), or particulate matter (PM). Many studies on IAQ have been performed mostly in elementary schools all over the world [ 13 , [40] , [41] , [42] , [43] , [44] ]. However, in secondary schools and universities IAQ studies are less extensive [ 13 , [45] , [46] , [47] , [48] ], and barely provide insights on the thermal comfort for occupants, particularly under ventilation protocols such as those adopted during the COVID-19 pandemic.…”

A Review of Artificial Neural Network Models Applied to Predict Indoor Air Quality in Schools

“…Low levels of exposure might still cause adverse health outcomes [25,26] and spread of epidemic diseases. Another concern is that classrooms are often inadequately ventilated [27,28], which results in health risks and reduces academic performance [29]. Airborne disease transmission of respiratory viruses has drawn significant attention in indoor bioaerosol research since the COVID-19 outbreak.…”