Yearly variation of spontaneous somatic mutation frequency in the stamen hairs of Tradescantia clone KU 9 grown outdoors, which showed a significant increase after the Chernobyl accident

Ichikawa, Sadao; Nakano, Atsushi; Kenmochi, Makoto; Yamamoto, Ikuo; Murai, Motoki; Takahashi, Eiji; Yamaguchi, Akihiko; Watanabe, Koichi; Tomiyama, Michio; Sugiyama, Koichi; Yogo, Akiko; Yazaki, Tohru; Okumura, Mikiko; Shima, Naoko; Satoh, Makoto; Yoshimoto, Masahiro; Xiao, Ling

doi:10.1016/0027-5107(95)00189-1

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…et Woods. (Ichikawa, 1972a), and shows a relatively stable spontaneous mutation frequency (Takahashi and Ichikawa, 1976;Ichikawa et al, 1981Ichikawa et al, , 1996aIchikawa, 1984Ichikawa, , 1992. The normal blue-and mutant pink-color pigments of this clone have been confirmed microspectrophotometrically to be identical to those in clone BNL 02 (Sanda-Kamigawara and Ichikawa, 1993), one of the clones most often used in studies of mutations in stamen hairs (Underbrink et al, 1973;Ichikawa, 1992).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 59%

“…This mutation frequency is significantly lower than those reported earlier for potted plants of this clone grown under controlled environmental conditions, i.e., 1.31 to 1.76 (Ichikawa et al, 1981), 1.58 (Ichikawa and Takahashi, 1977), 1.74 (Ichikawa, 1984) and 1.89 (Ichikawa, 1992) PMEs per 10 4 hair-cell divisions. Much higher spontaneous mutation frequencies have also been reported for clone KU 9 grown outdoors, i.e., 1.88 to 2.18 (Ichikawa et al, 1996a; excepting the data affected by the Chernobyl accident) and 2.56 (Ichikawa, 1984) PMEs per 10 4 hair-cell divisions. These comparisons show that the spontaneous mutation frequency is significantly lowered by cultivating the shoots with roots using the NSC facility than by growing potted plants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…The use of this system makes it possible to collect a large number of samples relatively easily and to detect all pink mutant cells occurred without being concealed by other cells (Ichikawa, 1992). Because of these merits, this system has been successfully used for studying the variation of spontaneous mutation frequency (Sparrow and Sparrow, 1976;Takahashi and Ichikawa, 1976;Mericle et al, 1976;Nauman et al, 1978;Ichikawa et al, 1981Ichikawa et al, , 1996aIchikawa et al, , 1996cIchikawa, 1984;Imai et al, 1991;, as well as for detecting mutagenic synergisms among several chemical mutagens and X rays (CebulskaWasilewska et al, 1981;Ichikawa, 1992;Ichikawa et al, 1993;Shima and Ichikawa, 1994, 1997Xiao and Ichikawa, 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of X-ray dose fractionations with various intervals in inducing somatic mutations in the stamen hairs of Tradescantia clone KU 9.

Sakuramoto

Ichikawa

1996

Genes Genet. Syst.

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The effects of X-ray dose fractionations in inducing somatic mutations were studied in the stamen hairs of Tradescantia clone KU 9 heterozygous for flower color (blue/pink). Young inflorescence-bearing shoots with roots were prepared, and were exposed to X rays acutely. A dose-response regression line with a slope of 1.454 on a log-log graph was obtained for single acute X-ray doses of 0.255 to 1.03 Gy, and it showed that somatic mutation frequency increased curvilinearly with increasing X-ray dose. When 1.00 to 1.15 Gy of X rays were fractionated into two acute doses of about halves given with intervals of 5 to 120 min, decreases in induced mutation frequency were observed. The mutation frequencies induced by the fractionated doses with intervals of 5 and 10 min were not significantly different from those expected for the total single doses. However, the mutation frequency decreased significantly at 5% level with 20-and 30-min intervals, and decreases were highly significant at 0.1% level when the interval was prolonged to 40 to 120 min. The results obtained indicate that the interaction between the first and second doses began to reduce between 10 and 20 min later, and disappeared by 60 min later. That is, the DNA and/or chromosomal breaks induced by the first dose began to be rejoined (repaired) or healed between 10 and 20 min later, and all of them were rejoined or healed by 60 min later, losing their abilities to interact with the DNA and/or chromosomal breaks induced by the second dose.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 59%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of X-ray dose fractionations with various intervals in inducing somatic mutations in the stamen hairs of Tradescantia clone KU 9.

Sakuramoto

Ichikawa

1996

Genes Genet. Syst.

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“…As reviewed earlier, the primary asset of the stamen-hair system is its capability to detect all pink mutant cells easily without being concealed by other cells (by just placing stamens in liquid paraffin dropped on a slide glass) as well as the capability of scoring a large number of samples (7500 to 18,000 stamen-hair cells can be observed in a single flower) (Ichikawa, 1992). These assets have proven to be especially suitable for determining the genetic effects of low-level ionizing radiations (Ichikawa, 1971(Ichikawa, , 1981a(Ichikawa, , 1992Sparrow et al, 1972;Ichikawa and Ishii, 1991;Ichikawa et al, 1996a) and chemicals (Schairer and Sautkulis, 1982;Schairer et al, 1983), for detecting the synergisms among several chemicals and X rays (Ichikawa, 1992;Ichikawa et al, 1993;Shima and Ichikawa, 1994, 1997Xiao and Ichikawa, 1995), as well as for studying the variation of spontaneous mutation frequency Takahashi and Ichikawa, 1976;Ichikawa, 1984Ichikawa, , 1992Ichikawa et al, 1995Ichikawa et al, , 1996aIchikawa et al, , 1996b at the order of 10 -4 pink mutant events per cell division (Ichikawa, 1992). Especially, newly developed use of young inflorescence-bearing shoots with roots of clone BNL 4430 cultivated in the NSC growth chamber (Shima and Ichikawa, 1994, 1997Ichikawa et al, 1995;Xiao and Ichikawa, 1995) can supply a much larger number of samples per space than using potted plants or cuttings, assures a high degree of reappearance, and decreases significantly the spontaneous mutation frequency (Shima and Ichikawa, 1994;Ichikawa et al, 1995).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dicentric chromosome bridges in root tips and micronuclei in pollen tetrads induced by X rays and maleic hydrazide in Tradescantia clone BNL 4430.

Xiao

Ichikawa

1997

Genes Genet. Syst.

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Inductions of dicentric chromosome bridges in root-tip cells and of micronuclei in pollen tetrads by X rays and maleic hydrazide (MH) were studied in Tradescantia clone BNL 4430, in order to compare the accuracies of these endpoints for mutagenicity testings with that of somatic pink mutations in the stamen hairs of the same clone, the most accurate endpoint established in higher plant testers. The frequency of dicentric bridges in root-tip cells increased with X-ray doses with a slope of 1.249 on a log-log graph, the slope value being unexpectedly small (much smaller than the theoretical value of 2 for two-break events). The dose-response curve on a log-log graph for MH-induced dicentric bridges had a somewhat smaller slope of 1.188, and the bridges observed were predominantly of chromatid type, reflecting the nature of MH acting at the S period of cell cycle. As for X-ray-and MH-induced micronuclei in pollen tetrads, on the other hand, the dose-response curves could not be determined, excepting that for X-ray-induced micronuclei in pollen tetrads at earlier stage. Namely, the data obtained from pollen tetrads at later stage were not consistent with X-ray and MH doses, and those from pollen tetrads at earlier stage were also inconsistent with MH doses. These results were contrary to our expectation that the frequency of micronuclei would be more reliable in pollen tetrads at later stage than in those at earlier stage at least in clone BNL 4430, a hybrid clone. The micronucleus assay in pollen tetrads was also found to be unsuited for determining the effects of MH. Therefore, the assay of somatic mutations in Tradescantia stamen hairs is concluded to be the most accurate and most reliable mutagenicity test system with a high degree of reappearance.

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“…Radiation events such as the atomic bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki reportedly have not yielded genetic defects (3)(4)(5). Recently, Dubrova et al (6) reported germline mutation at human minisatellite loci that were studied among children born in heavily polluted areas of the Mogilev district of Belarus after the Chernobyl accident.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular changes in the offspring of liquidators who emigrated to Israel from the Chernobyl disaster area.

Weinberg

Nevo

Korol

et al. 1997

Environ Health Perspect

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The primary goal of this research was to reveal de novo mutations in the liquidators (cleanup personnel) who emigrated to Israel from the Chernobyl disaster area. We used genome fingerprinting simple sequence repeat-anchored polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and random amplified polymorphic DNA PCR (RAPD PCR). The methodology involved a combination of RAPD PCR, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and silver staining, with arbitrarily primed PCR. Use of microsatellite markers appears to be the most promising technique for high sensitivity analysis. The analysis involved DNA isolated from the blood of experimental and control subjects (involving both offspring who were born before or after the disaster and their parents). Our studies have reproducibly detected new bands that appeared in the children born after the disaster. No such bands appeared in the children born in the same family before the accident or in the children of control families who had not been exposed to radiation.

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Yearly variation of spontaneous somatic mutation frequency in the stamen hairs of Tradescantia clone KU 9 grown outdoors, which showed a significant increase after the Chernobyl accident

Cited by 14 publications

References 30 publications

Effects of X-ray dose fractionations with various intervals in inducing somatic mutations in the stamen hairs of Tradescantia clone KU 9.

Effects of X-ray dose fractionations with various intervals in inducing somatic mutations in the stamen hairs of Tradescantia clone KU 9.

Dicentric chromosome bridges in root tips and micronuclei in pollen tetrads induced by X rays and maleic hydrazide in Tradescantia clone BNL 4430.

Molecular changes in the offspring of liquidators who emigrated to Israel from the Chernobyl disaster area.

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