Years of Potential Life Lost (YPLL)—What Does it Measure?

Gardner, John C.; Sanborn, Jill S.

doi:10.1097/00001648-199007000-00012

Cited by 351 publications

(300 citation statements)

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“…Practitioners note the deficiencies of a composite statistic, [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] whose simplicity may conceal distortion. The factors making up a statistic may covary, and a change in the resulting metric may not be directly interpretable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Flexible Urban Health Index for Small Area Disparities

et al. 2014

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Available urban health metrics focus primarily on large area rankings. Less has been done to develop an index that provides information about level of health and health disparities for small geographic areas. Adopting a method used by the Human Development Index, we standardized indicators for small area units on a (0, 1) interval and combined them using their geometric mean to form an Urban Health Index (UHI). Disparities were assessed using the ratio of the highest to lowest decile and measurement of the slope of the eight middle deciles (middle; 80 %) of the data. We examined the sensitivity of the measure to weighting, to changes in the method, to correlation among indicators, and to substitution of indicators. Using seven health determinants and applying these methods to the 128 census tracts in the city of Atlanta, USA, we found a disparity ratio of 5.92 and a disparity slope of 0.54, suggesting substantial inequality and heterogeneity of risk. The component indicators were highly correlated; their systematic removal had a small effect on the results. Except in extreme cases, weighting had a little effect on the rankings. A map of Atlanta census tracts exposed a swath of high disparity. UHI rankings, ratio, and slope were resistant to alteration in composition and to non-extreme weighting schemes. This empirical evaluation was limited to a single realization, but suggests that a flexible tool, whose method rather than content is standardized, may be of use for local evaluation, for decision making, and for area comparison.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Flexible Urban Health Index for Small Area Disparities

et al. 2014

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“…Thus, by weighting deaths among the young higher, it is a measure of premature mortality. Its use has been promoted to emphasize specific causes of death in proportion to their burden on society, and to identify areas for greatest health improvement [6]. Various YPLL measures exist depending on definitions of ' premature' death [6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Years of potential life lost for six major enteric pathogens, Germany, 2004–2008

et al. 2012

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SUMMARYIn industrialized countries, acute infectious enteric diseases are usually mild, but they can also cause death. They do so, however, at different ages. Using 2004Using -2008 German notification data, we computed and compared crude and premature mortality [three different measures of years of potential life lost (YPLL)] of illnesses caused by Campylobacter spp., Listeria monocytogenes, norovirus, rotavirus, non-typhoidal Salmonella spp., and Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC). Among y1 . 5 million notified illnesses, those caused by norovirus were the most frequent. The highest annual mortality was registered for salmonellosis (0 . 55/1 000 000 population), but listeriosis accounted for the highest number of YPLL (n=4245). Disregarding death at advanced age (i.e. >70 years), STEC illness (n=757) and rotavirus gastroenteritis (n=648) ranked second and third, following listeriosis (n=2306). Routine surveillance captures only a fraction of all incident cases and deaths, under-ascertaining the true burden of disease. Weighting death by age permits a different view on the disease burden individual enteric pathogens cause and particularly underscores the public health importance of listeriosis prevention.

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“…Sob estes pontos de vista, as doenças do aparelho cardiovascular são as principais causas de óbito na população em geral, seguidas das causas externas e das neoplasias (Szwarcwald, 1986). No entanto, a esta ótica é pertinente a crítica feita por Gardner & Sanborn (1990), segundo a qual as taxas brutas e específicas de mortalidade descrevem o quantitativo das mortes na população, mas falham em quantificar o peso resultante desta perda para a sociedade. Neste sentido, têm sido enfatizadas a importância da mortalidade prematura como expressão do valor social da morte e a necessidade de operacionalizar sua medida e análise (Romeder & McWhinnie, 1977;Silva, 1984;Rodriguez & Motta, 1989).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Anos potenciais de vida perdidos no Rio de Janeiro, 1990. As mortes violentas em questão

Reichenheim

Werneck

1994

Cad. Saúde Pública

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Neste artigo faz-se uma análise da magnitude das causas de morte no estado e no município do Rio de Janeiro em 1990, com base no cálculo dos "anos potenciais de vida perdidos" (APVPs) entre as idades de 1 e 70 anos. Esta análise leva a uma substancial modificação na importância relativa das causas de óbito, pois este método imputa um maior valor às mortes que ocorrem nas fases precoces da vida. De acordo com este método, a análise pelos grandes grupos de causas de óbito mostra que as duas regiões apresentam o grupo das "causas externas" como principal causa de APVP, sendo as mesmas responsáveis por mais de 30,0% dos APVPs entre 1 e 70 anos. Esta estimativa está em contraposição à predominância das doenças cardiovasculares, indicada pelos perfis de mortalidade que utilizam os coeficientes específicos de mortalidade por grandes grupos de causas. A análise por causas específicas de morte aponta os homicídios como principais responsáveis pelos APVPs nas duas regiões, seguidas pelos neoplasmas malignos, no município do Rio de Janeiro, e por "outros tipos de violência" (suicídios e violências em que ignora se de causa acidental ou intencional), no estado do Rio de Janeiro. Exceção feita às doenças neoplásicas, as taxas de APVP por grandes grupos de causas, em ambos os sexos, são sempre menores no município do Rio de Janeiro. O total de APVP e as taxas de APVP são marcadamente mais altas no sexo masculino, em decorrência, principalmente, das causas externas. Os autores salientam a importância da utilização deste indicador de mortalidade prematura para a definição de prioridades e chamam a atenção para o caráter devastador dos traumas e violências como causa de mortes em idades jovens.

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Years of Potential Life Lost (YPLL)—What Does it Measure?

Cited by 351 publications

References 0 publications

A Flexible Urban Health Index for Small Area Disparities

A Flexible Urban Health Index for Small Area Disparities

Years of potential life lost for six major enteric pathogens, Germany, 2004–2008

Anos potenciais de vida perdidos no Rio de Janeiro, 1990. As mortes violentas em questão

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