Yeast-Derived Formulations Are Differentially Fermented by the Canine and Feline Microbiome As Assessed in a Novel In Vitro Colonic Fermentation Model

Abstract

The current study evaluated the effect of five yeast-derived formulations (T1–T5) on microbial metabolism and composition of the canine and feline gut microbiota using a novel in vitro colonic incubation approach. This novel in vitro model allowed for growth of the entire spectrum of dog- and cat-derived bacteria from the inoculum, thus offering an excellent platform to evaluate effects of nutritional interventions on the gut microbiota. Further, yeast-derived ingredients differentially increased production of acetate, propionate, butyrate, ammonium, and branched short-chain fatty acids, with T5 and T1 consistently stimulating propionate and butyrate, respectively. 16S-targeted Illumina sequencing coupled with flow cytometry provided unprecedented high-resolution quantitative insights in canine and feline microbiota modulation by yeast-derived ingredients, revealing that effects on propionate production were related to Prevotellaceae, Tannerellaceae, Bacteroidaceae, and Veillonellaceae members, while effects on butyrate production were related to Erysipelotrichaceae, Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae, and Fusobacteriaceae. Overall, these findings strengthen the health-promoting potential of yeast-derived ingredients.

Comparison of the Therapeutic Effect of Treatment with Antibiotics or Nutraceuticals on Clinical Activity and the Fecal Microbiome of Dogs with Acute Diarrhea

“…Recently, a revolutionary detection method was implemented to obtain quantitative insight at a deep phylogenetic resolution by combining 16S-targeted Illumina sequencing with flow cytometry [ 31 ]. Another study used this method, attesting that yeast-based ingredients, used as prebiotics, have a large potential to beneficially stimulate the microbiota activity and composition of cats and dogs, thus suppressing outgrowth of opportunistic pathogens, such as E. coli [ 32 ].…”

A Novel Non-Digestible, Carrot-Derived Polysaccharide (cRG-I) Selectively Modulates the Human Gut Microbiota while Promoting Gut Barrier Integrity: An Integrated In Vitro Approach

“…Secondly, a recently described short-term colonic incubation strategy [ 29 ] was upgraded with a simulation of the mucosal microbiota (Test 3). By applying a novel technique to analyze the microbial community composition, i.e., quantitative 16S-targeted Illumina sequencing [ 33 ], in-depth quantitative information was obtained at high phylogenetic resolution. Besides elucidating treatment effects of cRG-I, this allowed to validate the implementation of mucin-coated carriers in the short-term incubations by demonstrating a relevant species-specific colonization of the mucosal environment.…”

“…Subsequently, after upgrading the fermentation model by inclusion of a simulated mucosal microbiota [ 12 ], more in-depth fermentation tests were performed to characterize the prebiotic potential of two carrot RG-I formulations that differed in absence (cRG-I) or presence of low molecular weight carbohydrates (cRG-I+LMWC) (Test 3). To obtain detailed insights in modulation of microbial composition, a novel technique was used where flow cytometry was combined with 16S-targeted Illumina sequencing to obtain quantitative information at high phylogenetic resolution [ 33 ]. Finally, fermentation samples were screened for potential beneficial effects on gut barrier integrity and immune modulation in a newly optimized Caco-2/PBMC co-culture model (test 4).…”

Comparison of the Bifidogenic Effects of Goat and Cow Milk-Based Infant Formulas to Human Breast Milk in an in vitro Gut Model for 3-Month-Old Infants

“…Acidaminococcaceae also increased, mainly due to Acidaminococcaceae OTU (related to Phascolarctobacterium faecium), which is a known producer of propionate. While the abundance of Bifidobacteriaceae and Enterobacteriaceae, it is likely that levels of some bacterial species remained unchanged, which was not possible to demonstrate using proportional 16S sequencing but could be in the future using quantitative sequencing (43). Lactate-producing bacteria are primary colonizers of the infant gut (44).…”