Yeast diversity in the oral microbiota of subjects with periodontitis:Candida albicansandCandida dubliniensiscolonize the periodontal pockets

Abstract

The term periodontitis encompasses several polymicrobial infectious diseases, of multifactorial etiology, with chronic and aggressive forms. In spite of the etiopathogenic differences between these two forms of the disease, few studies have analyzed the subgingival colonization by yeast. The objective of this investigation was to analyze the composition of the yeast microbiota present in the mucosa and subgingival sites of healthy individuals and patients with aggressive and chronic periodontitis. For this, samples were recovered from these two locations and the yeast recovered identified by phenotypic and genotypic methods. Patients with chronic periodontitis showed significant differences in relation to the other groups with respect to carrier status (69.2% versus 35.7% of healthy individuals; [chi(i)(2) test; p=0.014]), the total number of isolated colony forming units or CFU (mean and ranges 281.6 (0-6048) [K-W(2)=6.998; p=0.03]), the Simpson diversity index (I) in site b (I(b)=0.344 versus healthy subjet and aggresive periodontitis where I=0 [multiple t-test comparisons with the Bonferronni correction, p<0.05]), and the species profile. Interestingly, in spite of the varied profiles of the species present in the mucosa of the three groups analyzed we noted that only C. albicans and C. dubliniensis were capable of colonizing the periodontal pockets in patients with chronic periodontitis, while only C. albicans was identified in the subgingiva of healthy individuals and patients with aggressive periodontitis.

The Oral Cavity: A Reservoir that Favors Colonization and Selection of Candida parapsilosis sensu stricto Strains with High Pathogen Potential Under Conditions of Gingival-periodontal Disease

“…This study determined that C. parapsilsosis sensu stricto is more likely to be recovered from oral cavities under pathological conditions, which agrees with a Chilean study published in (2008) [10], where a lower yeast prevalence is observed, evidenced in a lower count of colony-forming units (CFU/ml) of Candida species among periodontally healthy subjects when compared to individuals with periodontal disease; the difference being statistically significant. Similar results were reported by Canabarro A et al in (2013) [50], since the results of their investigation showed that patients with severe chronic periodontitis are significantly more colonized, at the level of subgingival niches, by several species of Candida especially Candida albicans with respect to subjects periodontally healthy.…”

“…Other species less frequently isolated, which have been recovered from periodontal environments and the oral mucosa, are the following: C. parapsilosis, C. dubliniensis, C. tropicalis and C. guilliermondi, among others [9][10][11][12][13][14]. However, over the last ten years, some studies have found an increasein the non-albicans Candida (NAC) recovery frequency in oral mucosa: from 10 % in 1996 [1] to 15.0% [7] in 2010, 15.4 % in 2011 [8], and 25.0% in 2017 [14] in the case of C. parapsilosis at the level of healthy Citation: María L Rodríguez, Alcira C Rosa, Jennifer G Rodríguez, María L Nastri and Virginia M Jewtuchowicz (2018) The Oral Cavity: A Reservoir that Favors Colonization and Selection of Candida parapsilosis sensu stricto Strains with High Pathogen Potential Under Conditions of Gingivalperiodontal Disease.…”

Antimicrobial Efficacy of 3 Oral Antiseptics Containing Octenidine, Polyhexamethylene Biguanide, or Citroxx: Can Chlorhexidine Be Replaced?

“…2,27 The yeast C. albicans lives in a state of commensalism in the oral cavity but is also an important opportunistic pathogen that can cause infections varying from harmless newborn thrush to severe deep mucocutaneous candidiasis or even sepsis in patients with a local or systemic compromised immune response or in patients who take antibiotics. 28 " 30 Our investigation has revealed that the killing efficacy of chlorhexidine against S. sanguinis was weaker than that of mouth rinses containing octenidine or polyhexamethylene biguanide (Figure 1). This finding is in accordance with that of Decker et al 31 In ascending order, the following mouth rinses were found to be the most effective against S. mutans: those containing chlorhexidine, those containing polyhexamethylene biguanide, and those containing octenidine.…”

Cross-feeding and interkingdom communication in dual-species biofilms of Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans

“…Hyphae provide structural integrity to biofilms (Finkel and Mitchell, 2011;Banerjee et al, 2013). C. albicans has been found in periodontal pockets in both the chronic and aggressive forms of periodontitis (Urzua et al, 2008).…”